William Of Orange And James II And The Glorious Revolution

In 1957, Lord Darnley was murdered and Queen Mary was forced to renounce her throne. He made her son King of Scotland. He became the official King of Scotland when he was one year old. James was a devout scholar who studied the English language. The kingdom was strong and centralized during his rule, and he eventually married Anne of Denmark. He was a devout Protestant, and fought against the Puritans who tried to get rid of Roman practices in the church. He was not liked much, because of favoritism, and his schemes to get an alliance with Spain. During his rule, William Ruthven, one of the leaders of the Church of Scotland, kidnapped James, and held him captive for almost a year. When James finally escaped, he did not take any more chances, and executed William. With Queen Elizabeth the First aging, James realized that he had the highest chance of becoming the King. The only problem was that his mother, Mary, was still in live. She was prosecuted, and then executed. Once Elizabeth died, we move onto the chapter of King James’ life.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was the peaceful overthrow of King James II by William of Orange. The event was sparked by tensions between Catholics and Protestants since James II wanted to end Protestantism in England. Protestants looked to William of Orange to save Protestantism in England. “[The tensions] brought people to so desperate a pass,

Upon the death of beloved Queen Elizabeth in England, her cousin James I was announced the new king of England. As a Catholic from the rival nation Scotland, King James I was inherently distrusted by his Anglican subjects, and his guarded, haughty personality only further decreased his popularity (Matthew). King James was also known for his strong belief in the Divine Right of Kings, in which the king is second only to God (Matthew). However, his greatest disadvantage was that he was previously Catholic; the English were never truly confident in his conversion to the Anglican Church (Matthew). Skeptical,

Glorious Revolution- In 1688, William of Orange lead a quick and bloodless coup and overthrew James II in order to prevent having a Catholic heir to the English throne.

James whom was the side of England and the parliament were puritan. To make matter worse, James infuriated Parliament with his son’s marriage to catholic princess Queen Elizabeth. This resulted on commoners being upset over how the government should be ran.

(Blue) Although James had a much bigger army than William’s, lots of soldiers betrayed James and joined the other side; scared that they will kill him; he fled to France. (Harris) It was after the battle that they called it the glorious revolution, it was called glorious because in which religious and political problems were solved without bloodshed. February 2nd 1689 William and Mary were crowned as the first ruler where two people equally share the power. (Stuart) That year the English Bills of Rights were written which basically limited the power of the monarchs and that there are limits to what the King or Queen can do. William and Mary humbly accepted the document and signed, a new type of government also rose in which the people could choose who ruled their kingdom, and it was called a democratic government. (Stuart)

James VI formed a new Stuart dynasty that replaced the Tudor rule. His rule as the king of England and Scotland affected the lives of millions of people all over Europe. Because of this, English Catholics becoming even more marginalized due to the Protestant King.

William was already good and experienced at ruling so thus should be no problem for him. William was already the ruler of Normandy and was doing a great job so being ruler of England wouldn’t be a

Another result of technological progression was the matchlock, which would shoot with ignition of a lit match. "The introduction of firearms into the Elizabethan Weapons Arsenal saw the end of castle warfare and the building of the magnificent Medieval castles"(Alchin 1). With the invention of lethal, quick cannons came the decline of forts for defense as soldiers prepared for battle. Cannons were made of bronze and iron, in many different sizes, and they fired stone or iron, to be used on land or

Along with the longer swords, the cavalrymen and officers in both armies had used a very inaccurate flintlock pistol, which despite its firing speed it was still inefficient as it had even lower accuracy than its musket counterpart. Nonetheless, the flintlock pistol pales in comparison to the larger guns that were used in the war: cannons.

Henry the 8th found no other way out of the marriage so he cut off the head of his wife, and the 7 other wives after that until he could finally find someone to give him an heir. Henry the 8th started the fight for power between the Protestants and the Catholics after he died. After his death his catholic daughter, Mary took over the throne and planned to marry another catholic King Philip. With hopes of restoring her catholic nation, Mary kills all of the protestants and gets the name Bloody Mary. Mary eventually dies then her protestant sister Elizabeth takes over. King Philip also tries to marry Elizabeth and she declines his offer. King Philip was mad about her rejection so he unleashed he Spanish Armada on England. King Philip was unsuccessful and England became a protestant anglican nation. This English Victory allowed the arts to flourish and become less about the church and more about the actual people. People began to realize that the church would be helpful with dealing with spiritual problems. However, everyday human problems could have human solutions and be dealt with by other

In 1688, New York, East and West Jersey were added to the super colony. The Glorious Revolution occurred a few months later, kicking out James II and replacing him with the Protestant Mary and William III, the current Dutch Prince. They passed a religious Toleration Act and a Bill of Rights. King William’s War, 1689-1697, pitted many European nations against the French. This was not the last major war between Britain and its allies against France or

Mary, Queen of Scots is the cousin of Elizabeth I and is very impulsive and not reasonable. Scotland becomes Calvinist because of john Knox and creates the radical Presbyterians. Also during Mary’s reign, she gives birth to James VI of Scotland. But in 1587, she conspires against Elizabeth so Elizabeth executes Mary. In 1588, Philip II of Spain loads up the Armada to invade England. He is unsuccessful because he is destroyed by the English and the weather. This is the rise of the English navy when they start to send ships out into the world. James VI of Scotland is now James I of England when the Scottish and English crowns joined who believed in the divine right to rule the Anglican church. James I ruled England until 1603. During James I’s reign, he sent the Catholics and Puritans to America. The Catholics were sent to Maryland and the Puritans were sent to Massachusetts. This sets the stage for the English Civil War.

William arrived at Torbay, on November 5th 1688 ready to fight for the throne. He was a brave man, for James II’s army was double the size of William’s army. Although it didn’t matter because James II’s army was deserting to the other side, James II army had abandoned him. When William of Orange was welcomed into London, James II fled to France in disguise. Parliament claimed that by abandoning his country, the king had abdicated and the throne was now left vacant. On February 6th 1689 Mary and William became King and Queen of England.

Internally, disagreements over religion fluctuated according to the religion of the monarch in power. In 1642 in England, civil war broke out because Charles I was soft on Catholics, the Parliament was divided in religious conformity, and the Presbyterians and Anglicans could not get along. Also, the battle between Catholicism and Protestantism raged for years, coming to a climax with the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The Glorious Revolution came about with the end of Catholic James II's rule and the argument of who who would inherit his throne. His son, James, was Catholic and had a son who was Catholic as well. At the time, society was fearful of another Catholic leader. Mary, James II's daughter, was married to William the Orange, who was Dutch. Together, they forced James III out of contention and took the throne. They drafted the "...Toleration Act of 1689 (which) legalized all forms of Protestantism -- save those that denied the Trinity-- and outlawed Roman Catholicism."2