Wingless Experiment

The motivation of this lab report is to use Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance to analyze and predict the genotypes and phenotypes of an offspring generation (F2) after knowing the genotypes and phenotypes of the parent generation (F1). The hypothesis for this experiment is that the mode of inheritance for the shaven bristle allele in flies is autosomal recessive in both male and female flies.

Suppose the feather color of a bird is controlled by two alleles, D and d. The D allele results in dark feathers, while the d allele results in lighter feathers.

melanogaster, leaving B and D to be our mutants. Before crossing our populations, we made not of each one’s phenotype in order to see how crossing them would affect their phenotypes: Population B flies had no wings and red eyes, population D had full wings and black eyes and population G had full wings and red eyes. We expected the resulting phenotypes to be some sort of combination, revealing which traits were dominant. However, what we did not expect was the abnormal mutant that arose in a couple of our populations.

Table 2 shows the phenotypes of the F1 flies produced by crossing P1 wild-type males and P1 no-winged females. The results of that cross was that there was fifty nine wild-type females and forty one males. Therefore there was a total of one hundred wild-type flies produced from crossing P1 true breeding wild-type males and P1 true breeding virgin

When examining the D. Melanogaster mutants in the lab, our group immediately noticed an apparent difference from the wild-type flies. None of the mutants were able to fly. This led us to believe that we were dealing with a wing mutation. Upon further examination, we concluded that it was the overall wing shape that prevented the mutants from flying. The wing shapes among the mutants varied in both size and shape. Some were long, while others were short. The mutant wings could be distinguished into two general classes. One division of the mutant wing was short and stubby, almost a fourth the size of the wild-type wing. The rest of the mutants ranged in wing size and length, however many mutant wings were the same length as the wild-type wings. Although the

Butterflies have many genes which are expressed into ways that are either dominant, or recessive. For example to have blue eyes the dominant allele would be (B) and the recessive allele would be (b).

“The cellular machinery that copies DNA sometimes makes mistakes,” there are about 37.5 trillion cells in the human body, and their job is to make copies of DNA, yet sometimes the cells make a mistake and either switch, remove, or add a gene. This does not occur often, so when it does these mistakes are called mutations. Another reason that signifies why mutations are unusual is because mutations are mostly recessive traits. In an online article, Fruit Fly Phenotypes it informs us about fruit flies and some of the mutations, “This mutation is a recessive trait, meaning that the fly won't express the gene unless it gets it from both parents.” In other words some mutations are recessive traits meaning both parents must have the trait for the offspring to have the mutation as well. According to a lab, Genetic Variation in Monsters, “Recessive traits only show up if dominant traits are absent and are represented by a lowercase letter. Dominant traits show up in the offspring whenever present.” This is an explanation of what recessive and dominant traits are, in quotes it says that dominant trait are found anywhere where at least

It would be expected that the mutant F1 flies would be heterozygous for the allele responsible for the grounded trait. If two F1 flies were mated, the percentage of flies that would be expected to be wildtype in the F2 generation would be 25% mutants given that the mutant allele (ap) is predicted to be recessive and, leaving 75% to be wildtype (ap+).

Lab Assignment # 2- Genetics II- Review from Bio 101 and an introduction to linkage Purpose- In this lab experiment, we will determine the dihybrid cross for the fruit flies where we will find out if the two genes of the body color and wings of the fruit flies are linked or unlinked.

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This experiment looks at the relationship between genes, generations of a population and if genes are carried from one generation to another. By studying Drosophila melanogaster, starting with a parent group we crossed a variety of flies and observe the characteristics of the F1 generation. We then concluded that sex-linked genes and autosomal genes could indeed be traced through from the parent generation to the F1 generation.

The purpose of our experiment was to see the progeny from the cross between the wild-type females and the mutant males and the cross between mutant females and wild-type males. We started by preparing the vials for the test cross. We had first prepare that inside the vials that will provide nutrients to the fruit flies so that they can carry out their life cycle. To do this, we obtained a clean vial and a foam plug. Next, a small scoop of powdered food was added to the vial. Then a small scoop of tap water was added. Once the mixed, approximately 4 grains of yeast were added. The vial was then tapped on the table to level out the mixture. The inside wall was then wiped with a clean Kim-wipe to keep the flies from sticking to the wall. This

Sue Monk Kidd’s “The Invention of Wings” is a riveting tale of equality, the struggle of freedom, and friendship. The story revolves around Sarah Grimke and her slave Handful that she was given on her eleventh birthday. From a young age, Sarah begins to understand the consequences of slave inhumanity and this disturbs her daily life. After watching a slave being punished, she was left scarred and develops a speech impediment. As Sarah proceeds through her life, she comes across important life occasions such as death, extrusion, and heartbreak. Sarah’s relationship with Handful has its ups and downs. As children, they were very close and the idea of owning Handful weighs a toll on her. As she continues through the stages of her life, she

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For our first generation (F1) of flies we chose to cross apterous (+) females and white-eye (w) males. We predicted that the mutation would be sex linked recessive. So if the female was the sex with the mutation then all females would be wild type heterozygous. Heterozygous is a term used when the two genes for a trait are opposite. The males would all be white eye since they only have one X chromosome. If the males were the sex that had the mutation then all the flies would be wild type but the females would be heterozygous.