Wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia) are an unbranched perennial plant that are primarily located in middle and eastern areas of North America. Wingstem grow in habitats that receive large amounts of sun and areas that are shaded. Wingstem thrive in areas with moist conditions, and receive periodic rainfall. Based on our knowledge of the chemical processes in plants, the Wingstem located in the sunlit areas will have greater reproduction, resulting in increased flowering rather than those in shaded locations. To test our hypothesis, we collected Wingstem in various habitats (sun and shaded). We then calculated the number of flowers, followed by weighing the total vegetation. The results demonstrate a significant difference between the number …show more content…
Our class was split into 2 groups. One group collected Wingstem located in the sun, while the other gathered shaded Wingstem. We cut the stems of the plants about an inch above the ground and put each into a paper bag with a card that identified the location it was initially in. Blue cards represented shaded areas while yellow cards were sunlit locations. Each group collected 20 Wingstem, making 40 total plants. Once we arrived back to the lab, each person picked a Wingstem to inspect. First, we calculated the number of flowers that were visible on the plant, picked them off, and recorded the results on paper. Then, we would weigh the flowers (in grams) on a scale, recorded the results, then added the entire plant to measure the vegetation of the full Wingstem. Once the measurements were recorded, we then discarded the used plants in the trash. We repeated these steps for every Wingstem, being sure to record what location the plant was located in before the measurements started. After each plant was measured, we then added our results onto Excel in four different categories (location, flower number, flower mass, and vegetation mass). A few days later, we then put our data that was gathered into separate graphs and calculated the mean, standard deviation and standard error for each category. We then performed T-tests to determine any significant differences between
Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These
In a quantitative analysis the interest is more likely to compare means or variances; whereas, a qualitative experiment with two outcomes is more likely to focus on success or failure. When comparing the means of two or more groups these populations can both or all be independent and the expectation is to determine the reason for a difference in the means—this would deliver a result where the means are other than zero. The typical assumption is that there will be a normal distribution and that a random sample is collected for each of the populations. Another characteristic of comparing means of two or more groups is that when standard deviation is known or unknown and the population sample is large, then a z distribution (z-test) is used and in the case where it is unknown and the sample size is small, then a t distribution (t-test) is used. However, in the case where the experiment calls for a test of two or more dependent samples for one group or population, then a paired t-test is used to draw results (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2011).
to the measured data. Doing so may allow for further understanding concerning the possible errors
The data was organized into two different groups ozonated and control plants with the plants on both greenhouses being numbered 1-12 as shown in fig 3.On the bottom of chart I did calculations for averages, standard deviation and T-test. As shown in Fig. 3 there are 4 zeros on the Ozonated and one zero on control. This was a result of them being duds and not being able to work with them. Looking at how the data in the fig. 5 you see that the control always seems to be one step ahead then the ozonated radishes. Now if we remove the zeros it’s a slightly different story. Looking at figure 4 we see that the average for day 5 that the ozonated radishes has a higher plant average. This is only because with the 4 zeros being removed the 1.1, 1.58, 1.9 all weigh down the average for the whole chart. Also, I noticed that in figure 6 that the gap between the two has shrunken drastically.This is because the four zeros wore down the ozonated bar down compared to only one zero in the control group. Also looking at the t-test it shows that most if not all the data was by chance so this experiment may not be valid at
After completing our lab, I learned how to figure out my power in watts by dividing my body weight in kilograms by the vertical distance in which we multiple it by the height in steps and then divide it by time. This will give you how much power you generate going up the stairs. In the Wingate Test, I learned how to figure out our test subjects peak power, anaerobic fatigue, and anaerobic capacity. After looking at the results we have concluded that our test subject had a well-trained ATP-PC system. She was above the 95 percentile.
Scientists Heather Bateman and Mélanie Banville tested three sites (non-urban, urban rehabilitated, and urban) for the abundance and diversity of reptiles. The experiment was well designed for many reasons. First, the scientists who performed the experiment provided a lot of reliable data. For example, the data stated that reptile abundance for non-urban habitats was 42 reptiles, urban rehabilitated habitats was 36 reptiles, and urban habitats was 6 reptiles. Also, the experiment contained many types of species. 7 of the 8 species were lizards and one was a snake (Western Diamond-backed Snake). The same 8 species were tested at each site. The combination of reptiles showed the movement of different species and which species are the most sensitive
Grainy-head (Grh) protein, the first member of the grainy-head-like (Grhl) family of transcription factor, was discovered in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that are activated in certain cells and tissues, regulating expression of target genes. Mostly found in epithelial tissues, the function of Grh is highly conserved across animals including mammals and arthropods. There is only one?grh?gene in nematodes and flies, whereas three Grhl factors exist in human and mice. The two major protein isoforms transcripted by?grh, GRH-O and GRH-N, are expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and barrier epithelia, respectively. In Drosophila, the grh?gene is predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues, and mutation of?grh?can lead to severe epidermal defects because of reduced expression of cross-linking enzymes and adhesion proteins. Abnormalities in Drosophila?grh?mutants involve weak larval cuticle, pigmentation defects, and tortuous trachea. Such consequences can be traced back to the transcription of Grh-target genes, for instance?Dopa decarboxylase?(Ddc), which is necessary for cross-linking of extracellular matrix molecules. Specifically, Grh is able to bind with a?cis-element of?Ddc?and regulate larval epidermal expression.
This experiment investigates the different rates at which Tagetes minuta (marigold) grow with the use of a coloured lights to determine the most suitable coloured light for the best quality of growth of marigold. “Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar] which is the "fuel" used by plants”. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy is linked with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll.” (M.J. Farabee 2010).The “fuel” is stored in the form of glucose (sugar). Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight are used to produce glucose, oxygen, and water. The process of photosynthesis can be summarized into the following chemical
The objective of this experiment was to determine if there were phenotypic differences in Buddlei sp. leaves, in terms of surface area, weight, and thickness, depending on how much light they receive. In all three figures, the error bars overlapped, which suggests that the true means of the population could be the same. Thus, there is not a significant difference between sun and shade leaves regarding surface area, weight, and thickness. Since the data does not support the hypothesis of phenotypic plasticity, the null hypothesis was accepted. Possible explanations for these results could be that the sample size was too small to represent the entire population. Increasing sample size would reduce the standard deviation and standard
After conducting the experiment, statistical analysis was done to see how the observed results compared to expected results (hypotheses). ). The data was obtained from blackboard and put it into Excel along minute intervals of 1-20. A table was set up in excel to include 5 replicates, average temperatures,
1. In museums the specimen are used to see what their responses to the climate change are. In addition phenological studies provide a response indicator within this research of earlier dates of flowering in certain locations.
Among numerous environments there can be certain plant species that are found in high abundance. The reason for this is most likely due to competition and in certain environments that a specific plant species is in competition with the other species. One of the major reasons for competition among plants species is for resources (Aerts, 1999). If the environment has dense canopies and is abundant in nutrients then the competition among plants will be mainly for sunlight (Aerts, 1999). In nutrient-poor environments where water and soil nutrients are scarce there will most likely be competition among the plants for those limited nutrients (Aerts, 1999). A paper written by Aerts (1999) discussed competition, the purpose of which was
I measured the growth of a plant in different locations and if the wifi router affects the growth. I measured using a ruler and a thermostat and with the ruler I used (mm). Some observations I made are that the paper towel under the plant next to the router got very dry in three to four hours, and then plant next to the kitchen took one to two days to dry, and lastly the plant in the basement took two to three days. When I changed the distance between the router and plant the one closest to the router did not grow and died in the last three days of the investigation, the plant furthest away from the router grew massively. Some Things that affected my data were that when I was concluding my investigation the plant closest
The purpose of the experiment was to uncover whether a small, young leaf has all the stomata
A key component of any ecosystem on Earth is the presence of plants. Within these plants, variation and diversity are abundant. Plants can vary in many characteristics, such as leaf structure, height, bark structure, and diameter at breast height. The culmination of this variety among plants is termed the biodiversity of plants, which encompasses three realms: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity pertains to the variety of species in a specific ecosystem. Genetic diversity refers to variation in specific traits among individuals of the same species. Finally, ecosystem diversity refers to the variation of ecosystems in a specific area. For purposes of this study, we will only focus on species diversity. Studying species diversity of plants entails measuring the amount and size of different species in a given area. The importance of this type of study stretches far beyond observation and results. Species diversity among plants in an ecosystem is vital to the sustainability of that ecosystem. An ecosystem with greater species diversity uses its resources more efficiently, making it more productive. In addition, greater plant diversity leads to greater community biomass due to reduced nutrient loss and increased carbon reserves (Tilman and Lehman, 1997).