Wireless Communication For Wearable Devices

The main purpose of the Compex Wireless USA is to electrically stimulate the muscles. It

implant used a headband to hold the transmitting coil close to the implanted receiver coil. Later,

Communication between two unrelated machines? Impossible, or at least that’s what I thought. Until recently, I had no clue that the wearable device on my wrist was considered an internet of things. A black, sleek watch incorporating biometric technologies embedded in its sensors was an IoT Fitbit device? Who would’ve thought such an intimate object was capable of creating new relationships – human-to-device and device-to-device. Every morning, it remembers to wake me up at seven o’clock, silently alerting me through vibrations. It tracks my sleeping patterns: when I’m asleep, restless, or awake. When I open the Fitbit app on my phone, I can find the number of steps taken, the distance walked, the calories burned, and the duration of activity.

\textbf{Tier 1}, Intra-BAN, consists of the sensor and actuator node that is placed on the body and implanted. The design of Tier 1 is critical due to it directly interacts with a human body \cite{chen2011body}. The key components of Tier 1 devices are sensor node, actuator node, and \ac{cDAQ}. The sensor node consists of sensors and transmitter. This node digitises the physical information, including user’s vital signs and environmental information, and then transmits to the \ac{cDAQ}. Some sensor nodes use a \ac{MCU} for pre-data processing before sending data to \ac{cDAQ} on the sensor node. Similarly, an actuator node consists of actuators and transmitter. The actuator node changes digitise data into physical action to control the environmental variables. When the \ac{MCU} is used, the actuator nodes can calculate the control signal without communication with a \ac{cDAQ}. The \ac{cDAQ} acts as a hub that collects data from sensor nodes send a control signal to the actuator nodes, processes the data, and transmits to the base

The VeriChip that is implanted into the body is considered to be a passive RFID tag because it doesn’t use or contain batteries and due to that the VeriChip remains inactive until a proprietary scanner activates it. Passive RFID tags, like the VeriChip, boast a number of unique, significant features. Passive RFID tags have longer lifetimes than active RFID tags (with onboard batteries) and the, the estimated lifetime of a VeriChip is over 20 years. The passive RFID tags can only broadcast low-frequency radio waves because of their minimal power. In the VeriChip’s case, it broadcasts on the low-frequency (LF) band between 125 and 134.2 KHz (Fox, 2004). Given the VeriChip’s low power, the tag

This literature review is centered on the breadth of research conducted in the field of wireless sensor networks for sports applications. The review intends to explain how deploying wireless sensor networks in the field of sports can improve the accuracy of gathered location and health data over traditional methods. Two different applications are presented with complete information on implementation and results. The first application is based on gathering location data; it was designed by a group of researchers in Oulu University, Finland [1]. In the second application [2], the author explains how health based data of players in a training session can be gathered. Upon presenting the two applications, the author will present his ideas on future sensor networks for sports applications.

As the Internet of Things becomes more and more widespread, and with the integration being made possible with machine-to-machine communication, BLE or Bluetooth Smart is undeniably marking its territory in the low powered connectivity market. It has some competition in the market such as NFC and Wi-Fi Direct, however it does not have the range restriction that NFC has and BLE still has much lesser power consumption than Wi-Fi Direct. In other words, Bluetooth still has a considerably better future in the world of wirelessly connected things.

Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particular movements of hand that could be used to control a wearable mouse or other wearable devices. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user’s hand tilt in order to direct the mouse movement through a sensor. Clicks of the mouse are provided with the use of pressure sensor. The system is made wireless using RF Communication. This system was invented to assist people in their multitasking jobs where they can keep control over more things simultaneously.

Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particular movements of hand that could be used to control a wearable mouse or other wearable devices. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user’s hand tilt in order to direct the mouse movement through a sensor. Clicks of the mouse are provided with the use of pressure sensor. The system is made wireless using RF Communication. This system was invented to assist people in their multitasking jobs where they can keep control over more things simultaneously.

Body area network (BAN) has been widely researched for last few decades in variety filed from a military use to a personal healthcare system. Moreover, the development of modern network and integrated circuit (IC), and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology provide easy accessibility for the public, and opens new application regime, such as Internet of things (IoT). It seems like a simple combination of these modern technologies, but it is required for deep understanding of hardware, software, signal processing, and networking technology for the effective design in the actual building process. This is because the BAN, especially the wireless environment (WBAN), the system should be designed within the limited resources such as energy, processing power, and storage. Consequently, research in BAN is focused on tackling this constrains by introducing a new design concept, creating or improving existing protocols, and specific model or algorithm for specific applications.

Abstract- This paper illustrates Bluetooth enabling device for physically challenged using actuators and sensor for providing robust security and reliability. In it we have written how Bluetooth is useful for we people in present era with high security as well as performance. We have used different types of protocol which is more suitable for Bluetooth device[1] like IP Secure (IPsec) and Secure Shell (SSH).Bluetooth abbreviations out as the most averring for use in low-power sensor networks. This paper also addresses the difficulty of scatter net for singe hope Bluetooth based personal area and ad hoc networks with minimal communication overhead.Bluetooth iscriticized for various vulnerabilities and security as its designers are trying to balance wisely between performance and

Future mobile applications demand novel wireless communication technologies due to new challenges as- sociated with the shortage of spectrums, low-power radio architectures, and communication security. For example, though mmWave can fulfill some of the spectrum demands, it can still struggle to meet the growing demands for higher data connectivity over a myriad of devices, e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) []. Therefore, more bands in the electromagnetic domains will be needed. Besides, in current and future wearable devices, battery lifetime is the critical design constraint that limits the sensor performance and data throughput []. In addition, security in wireless communication is another significant challenge since future mobile devices

The understanding that electricity could travel through the air has been around since Tesla. Frequencies have been used to transmit an electrical signal since the 1800’s and now the world is seeing the next level of the frequency evolution. The new standard in power is wireless and it has the ability to revolutionize nearly every industry that benefits from the use of power. Everything from a small toy to a large industrial air handler can be run without wires and instead be a standalone unit that never loses power.

Body sensor network (BSN) has increased in use of recent years as the technology is expanding from its role in sports to an important role in medical treatment. These sensors are the foundation of real-time devices. Their capability of gathering data from multiple sensor sites allows data to be process

Wireless technology is very beneficial to human existence, although there is evidence of potential harm to human health. Devices such as cell phones, computers and televisions, have greatly improved and have influenced society. With these advantages, health concerns have arisen and been explored through experiments and surveys. However, these health concerns have not been proven fully, to an extent they are still impacting humans. By examining the general concern and the social, mental and physical impacts of wireless technology, it is evident these devices negatively affect human health.