Wireless Communication For Wearable Devices

Communication between two unrelated machines? Impossible, or at least that’s what I thought. Until recently, I had no clue that the wearable device on my wrist was considered an internet of things. A black, sleek watch incorporating biometric technologies embedded in its sensors was an IoT Fitbit device? Who would’ve thought such an intimate object was capable of creating new relationships – human-to-device and device-to-device. Every morning, it remembers to wake me up at seven o’clock, silently alerting me through vibrations. It tracks my sleeping patterns: when I’m asleep, restless, or awake. When I open the Fitbit app on my phone, I can find the number of steps taken, the distance walked, the calories burned, and the duration of activity.

implant used a headband to hold the transmitting coil close to the implanted receiver coil. Later,

Coincident with the increase of healthcare expenditure is the technological revolution in wearable technology, bio sensors, and wireless communication. This technological advancement lead to interest in a new type of network architecture, generally known as body sensor network (BSN) or body area network (BAN), as the solution to relief the burden on the clinical system.

The functional requirements of the BS is a data communication with Tier 1 devices, sufficient computing power, and \ac{WAN} accessibility. In most of the research, however, a single computing device with a network tool for the Internet or combined device configuration, such as a PC with a gateway or wireless router, and smart phone, has used as Tier 2 system due to its simplicity and effectiveness \cite{leijdekkers2008self, jin2009hearttogo, monton2008body, pandian2008smart}. The modern wearable and mobile devices, such as a smart watches and smart phones, can be employed as a \ac{cDAQ} in Tier 1 due to it has enough computing power and storage capacity to handle the data, as well as a \ac{BS} of Tier 2 when they support the Internet connection

The wearable health technology is a new fresh breeze in the world of technology and healthcare. It is an area of technology which is very fascinating for all the right reasons, and continues to expand across other domains as well. There are some excellent examples of real technology (currently on the market) such as: fitbit, mobile apps, smart-shirt, Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor, lumo-lift, Lifeband Touch and Heart Rate Monitor Earphones, fitness socks and the “jolt concussion-assessment” helmet device that has been used to monitor individuals affected by cardiovascular diseases. These health remote monitoring technology has the potential to improve the quality of healthcare services and enhanced the disease prevention by providing early

Wireless technology is very beneficial to human existence, although there is evidence of potential harm to human health. Devices such as cell phones, computers and televisions, have greatly improved and have influenced society. With these advantages, health concerns have arisen and been explored through experiments and surveys. However, these health concerns have not been proven fully, to an extent they are still impacting humans. By examining the general concern and the social, mental and physical impacts of wireless technology, it is evident these devices negatively affect human health.

The understanding that electricity could travel through the air has been around since Tesla. Frequencies have been used to transmit an electrical signal since the 1800’s and now the world is seeing the next level of the frequency evolution. The new standard in power is wireless and it has the ability to revolutionize nearly every industry that benefits from the use of power. Everything from a small toy to a large industrial air handler can be run without wires and instead be a standalone unit that never loses power.

As the Internet of Things becomes more and more widespread, and with the integration being made possible with machine-to-machine communication, BLE or Bluetooth Smart is undeniably marking its territory in the low powered connectivity market. It has some competition in the market such as NFC and Wi-Fi Direct, however it does not have the range restriction that NFC has and BLE still has much lesser power consumption than Wi-Fi Direct. In other words, Bluetooth still has a considerably better future in the world of wirelessly connected things.

The VeriChip that is implanted into the body is considered to be a passive RFID tag because it doesn’t use or contain batteries and due to that the VeriChip remains inactive until a proprietary scanner activates it. Passive RFID tags, like the VeriChip, boast a number of unique, significant features. Passive RFID tags have longer lifetimes than active RFID tags (with onboard batteries) and the, the estimated lifetime of a VeriChip is over 20 years. The passive RFID tags can only broadcast low-frequency radio waves because of their minimal power. In the VeriChip’s case, it broadcasts on the low-frequency (LF) band between 125 and 134.2 KHz (Fox, 2004). Given the VeriChip’s low power, the tag

RFID innovation developed a while back however wasn 't utilized that regularly because of absence of standardization and its high costs. RFID is a standout amongst all the most recent advances and has most encouraging progressions for the future years and in different commercial enterprises. We assemble a lot of practical information and verifications to support the new suggested techniques. Health care industry i is exceedingly esteemed all through the world; applying the forefront innovation in health awareness industry to enhance understanding human services has been the regular objective sought after by the hospitals everywhere throughout the world. The introduction of RFID as medical application is likewise being excitedly

Body area network (BAN) has been widely researched for last few decades in variety filed from a military use to a personal healthcare system. Moreover, the development of modern network and integrated circuit (IC), and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology provide easy accessibility for the public, and opens new application regime, such as Internet of things (IoT). It seems like a simple combination of these modern technologies, but it is required for deep understanding of hardware, software, signal processing, and networking technology for the effective design in the actual building process. This is because the BAN, especially the wireless environment (WBAN), the system should be designed within the limited resources such as energy, processing power, and storage. Consequently, research in BAN is focused on tackling this constrains by introducing a new design concept, creating or improving existing protocols, and specific model or algorithm for specific applications.

Future mobile applications demand novel wireless communication technologies due to new challenges as- sociated with the shortage of spectrums, low-power radio architectures, and communication security. For example, though mmWave can fulfill some of the spectrum demands, it can still struggle to meet the growing demands for higher data connectivity over a myriad of devices, e.g., Internet of Things (IoT) []. Therefore, more bands in the electromagnetic domains will be needed. Besides, in current and future wearable devices, battery lifetime is the critical design constraint that limits the sensor performance and data throughput []. In addition, security in wireless communication is another significant challenge since future mobile devices

This literature review is centered on the breadth of research conducted in the field of wireless sensor networks for sports applications. The review intends to explain how deploying wireless sensor networks in the field of sports can improve the accuracy of gathered location and health data over traditional methods. Two different applications are presented with complete information on implementation and results. The first application is based on gathering location data; it was designed by a group of researchers in Oulu University, Finland [1]. In the second application [2], the author explains how health based data of players in a training session can be gathered. Upon presenting the two applications, the author will present his ideas on future sensor networks for sports applications.

Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particular movements of hand that could be used to control a wearable mouse or other wearable devices. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user’s hand tilt in order to direct the mouse movement through a sensor. Clicks of the mouse are provided with the use of pressure sensor. The system is made wireless using RF Communication. This system was invented to assist people in their multitasking jobs where they can keep control over more things simultaneously.

Abstract: This paper describes a wireless mouse that can be controlled by a user’s arm movement alone .The main purpose of this mouse is to control various computer systems by a single user. It focuses on the invention of the arm controlled mouse that employs one tilt sensor placed on the hand. The primary goals of the system are to have a comfortable and easily wearable device without interfering with other everyday activities while tracking particular movements of hand that could be used to control a wearable mouse or other wearable devices. The system uses accelerometer based tilt sensor to detect the user’s hand tilt in order to direct the mouse movement through a sensor. Clicks of the mouse are provided with the use of pressure sensor. The system is made wireless using RF Communication. This system was invented to assist people in their multitasking jobs where they can keep control over more things simultaneously.