The Pros And Cons Of Wireless Sensor Networking

Wireless Networks can be broadly classified into three categories: Infrastructure based networks, Wireless LANs and Ad Hoc Networks. Infrastructure based networks are traditional cellular systems which require base station infrastructure. Wireless LANs are very flexible within the reception area. It requires low bandwidth when compared to wired networks. Ad Hoc networks are useful when the infrastructure is not available, impractical or expensive to build.

A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network nodes .Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business).Installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model  network structure.

Wireless communication has become an indispensable tool in the world today. Most of the world is connected and as a result, we have been able to carry out multiple tasks in a short time leaving us spare time to engage in other activities that demand our attention. Wireless networks have gone through several developmental phases to offer the fast and efficient services that we have presently. In this paper, I discuss the various classifications of wireless networks, going into details about their unique characteristics and why most people and organizations opt for them instead of their wired counterparts.

Wireless network is indicated to a telecommunication network whose interconnections between nodes are implemented without the use of wires, such a computer network. Nowadays, wireless network has become the important thing in telecommunication. This sort of technology has been used for over a century and remains synonymous with radio. In 19th century, Guglielmo Marconi invented a radio and made his made his mark in the world of wireless technology.

Wireless Ad hoc Network are important emerging technology that is low cost, most effective. Although a large amount of research has been done on mobile Ad hoc Network technology, yet truly understanding these networks has been low and the implementation of these networks is very less. This is because in some areas it is difficult to implement wireless networks as it is an expensive process and implementing new algorithm and new protocols is difficult replacing all the protocols that are currently used. Although the important fact is that these networks are not used to its full capacity. Large amount of research is going on the Ad hoc networks and exploit these networks in far more better way. Ad hoc network technology has many future applications. It can be used widely used for military application, can be used for UAV's , for detecting of the chemicals and materials underground.

A Wireless Sensor Network usually is formed by numerous wireless sensor devices. Routing is an important mechanism which will help the data to get forwarded to the right destination. Internet Protocol is an important protocol which helps in routing process. Generally the nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network are integrated and routing using IP version 4 is difficult as the address space is limited. IP version 4 uses 32 bit addressing mechanism which is not sufficient to complete the routing process. The other option is the use of Internet Protocol version 6.

Natural disasters have become very critical due to several reasons like global warming. Wireless sensor networks are used for detecting the natural events by measuring the temperature, air pressure, vibration, etc. and generate alarms. WSNs can measure the agitation of buildings, CO2 levels, and weather monitoring, etc. (Yawut & Kilaso, 2011).

Multiple autonomous, tiny, low-cost and low-power sensor nodes comprise a wireless sensors network (WSN). The sensors nodes are equipped with various types of sensors such as thermal , acoustic, chemical, pressure, weather and optical sensors which gather information from various nodes and collaborate to forward sensed data to base stations for further processing. WSNs designers have to address common issues related to data aggregation, data reliability,

Wireless sensor networks typically consist of a large number of sensor nodes with limited onboard battery resources which are difficult to recharge or replace. Thus the reduction of energy consumption for end-to-end data rate and maximization of network lifetime have become chief research concern. In recent years, many techniques have been proposed for improving the energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Among these techniques, V-MIMO technique has been considered as one of the effective ways to save energy. In WSN a node has two communication related energy consuming roles, one role is to serve as a packet generating source node (SN), and the other role is to relay packets for the other nodes, which are both energy consuming operations. This is why the energy minimization is required to extend the lifetime of the WSN.

Be that as it may, to make these wearable gadgets down to earth, an arrangement of specialized, lawful and sociological obstructions need to be succeed. For instance, these gadgets need to be non-nosy, agreeable to wear, effective in force utilization, protect security and have an easy to understand interface. They would additionally need to have low disappointment rate and profoundly faultless caution triggers, particularly if utilized for demonstrative purposes. In this task we are going to ascertain tolerates heart rate, temperature, anxiety and breathe rate. We are going to actualize this undertaking in 2 ways, both manual and programmed.

This section gives the description about the sensors, respective public and private key pair model and event generation in the network. This is followed by the threat model of the network and the kind of adversaries which pose threat to the network. The design goals of the proposed scheme are also listed.

A Wireless Sensor Network can be composed of large number of tiny of sensor nodes spread in a wide area and communicating with each other either directly or through routing mechanisms to the other nodes. One or more of the nodes are the base station with uninterrupted battery source than the other nodes. Since the devices in WSN are often tiny devices with small form factor the computational power of these devices is usually small because there will not support large amount of hardware. Furthermore as the devices are wireless they need to obtain their energy from an inbuilt battery which in the end needs to be recharged or replaced. If the battery of a device is depleted it needs an immediate substitution to function further .

Development in Wireless Communication and networking has led to development of many applications like Bluetooth, Near Field Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks. A wireless sensor network is essentially a network of nodes which consist of a power supply, sensors which usually sense the ambient conditions and processors for storing and processing information collected and a transceiver unit which is used to transmit and receive information from other nodes. In addition it might have a GPS system which provides location based services. This Wireless Sensor network is divided into 3 main parts: Bottom nodes, cluster heads and network coordinators. The data collected by a node is transmitted to its cluster head, in turn, the data collected by the cluster head is sent to the network coordinator and data at the network coordinator can be sent to nearby clusters using a router and internet.

Wireless Sensor Network is an emerging field which has found varied applications, especially for the Military. Applications using Sensor Networks, including underwater sensors need to be explored and developed further.

WSN is categorized into fixed WSN and mobile WSN. Target area has fixed sensors for performing their roles in fixed WSN’s while there are moving sensors to perform sensing in the mobile WSN’s. The cost of building and maintenance depends on the sensor networks size, whether small-scale or large scale