Wireless Sensor Network

Nowadays, Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are getting more and more involved in our society, researchers and manufacture. As the use of WSNs increases the more challenges rise to make them immune and life longer. Therefore, both fields industry and academia invest money to improve the capability of the security integrity, confidentiality, and authentication. Since WSNs are distributed in unfrequented and abandoned venues, the physical security is unconcerned or less concern. The most concern is the lifetime of Wireless sensor networks, sensors have limited source of power. Thus, economizing energy will keep sensors live longer, the less power means more efficiency. Moreover, secure data is important as well, since no one attends where sensors are located, it is easy to manipulate data or steal it. Cryptography provides high security to WSNs, using algorithms to encrypt and decrypt the sent data is

This paper discusses about the S-MAC , which is a Medium Access Control Protocol used in wireless sensor networks . The protocol proposed in the paper is mainly inspired by PAMAS . The important goals of this protocol is to conserve energy and configure by itself or known as scalability . It is entirely different from traditional mac protocols like ieee 802.11. The protocol uses three primary techniques to support energy conserving and self-configuration . they periodically sleep to minimize energy consumption , then formation of virtual clusters by neighbor nodes for auto synchronization on sleep times and radios are also set to sleep during transmissions of other node . Then S-mac uses message passing and in-channel

Since their emergence, wireless networks have become increasingly popular. There are currently two kinds of wireless networks in use, namely WLAN’s and Ad Hoc. WLAN’s are called infrastructure networks as they have fixed and wired gateways, whereas Ad hoc are called infrastructure less networks as they don’t have any fixed routers, all nodes in this are capable of movement and can be connected

Autonomous sensors nodes to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a receiver (destination) [1] [7].

Although wireless sensor network and the other types of network sometimes need same security requirements, providing security service for WSN own more challenges

Due to limited and non-rechargeable energy provision, the energy resource of sensor networks should be managed wisely to extend the lifetime of sensors. Sensor networks have recently emerged as a platform for several important surveillance and control applications .Each sensor has an onboard radio that can be used to send the collected data to interested parties. One of the advantages of wireless sensors networks (WSNs) is their ability to operate unattended in harsh environments in which contemporary human-in-the-loop monitoring schemes are risky, inefficient and sometimes infeasible. Therefore, sensors are expected to be deployed randomly in the area of interest by a relatively uncontrolled means, e.g. dropped by a helicopter, and to collectively form a network in an ad-hoc manner. In order to achieve high energy efficiency and increase the network scalability, sensor nodes can be organized into clusters. Data collected from sensors are sent to the cluster head first, and then forwarded to the base station. Network lifetime can be defined as the time elapsed until the first node (or the last node) in the network depletes its energy (dies).

In the connection of WSNs, proficient resource use not only implies effective bandwidth usage, as well as a negligible use of energy. Subsequently, QoS support in WSNs ought to additionally incorporate QoS control mechanisms other than QoS assurance mechanism utilized in traditional networks, which can wipe out unnecessary energy utilization in information conveyance. Further, other than that amid network overload, the most vital traffic ought to still have its QoS necessities fulfilled in the vicinity of diverse sorts of network dynamics, which may emerge from node failure, wireless link failure, node mobility, and node state movement or transition. Taking into account these difficulties and our objectives, the accompanying is recognized as open examination issues in QoS support in WSNs.

In this paper, I will mainly focus on analyzing and evaluating the current Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This paper starts with an overview on fundamentals of WSNs, by providing necessary background to understand

Abstract-Key management is one of the most important issues of any secure communication with the increasing demand for the security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) it is important to introduce the secure and reliable key management in the WSNs.Data confidentiality and authenticity are critical in WSNs. Key management objective is to secure and keep up secure connections between sensor nodes at network formation and running stages.

Wireless network are implemented by high frequency radio waves instead of cables and wires. Individuals and organizations use it for developing a better network connection. Wireless networks are further divided into many categories but we mainly focus on wireless sensor networks.

Energy Consumption: Sensor Nodes are subject to battery power. Sensor networks are set on hostile situations so supplanting the battery is unfeasible. Consequently energy preservation and administration is a basic issue to determine in wireless sensor network.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

A mobile wireless sensor network, shortly WMSN, can be defined as a wireless network of a sensor nodes that are mobile. Motivation behind a mobile wireless sensor network is to capture real world data and convert them so it can be transferred, processed, stored and later studied or analyzed (Guo, 2014). The MWSN is usually a combination of two or more technologies such as mobility, wireless connectivity and the ability to gather local information. The mobile wireless sensor network is usually deployment of a large number of small, inexpensive, self-powered nodes and receiving station (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). These MWSN can be effectively used for civil and military purposes.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensing device, computation element, and communication elements that gives user the ability to measure, observe and react to particular events and phenomena in that problem field. A sensing device provides data from sensing physical characteristics such as temperature, pressure and sound etc and then transmits that data to the base station via radio either on time basis or demand basis. A wireless sensor network may contains just a few or large number of wireless sensor nodes, operating in a synchronized and coherent manner to fulfill a common task depending on application.

nowadays sensors are anywhere. We take it for granted, however there are sensors in our cars, in our clever telephones, in factories controlling CO2 emissions, and even inside the ground tracking soil conditions in vineyards. while evidently sensors were around for a while, research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) commenced returned within the Eighties and it's miles only in view that 2001 that WSNs generated an elevated hobby from commercial and research perspectives. This is due to the supply of less expensive, low powered miniature additives like processors, radios and sensors that have been regularly included on a unmarried chip (system on a chip (SoC)).