Wireless Sensor Network Essay

A WSN is a type of wireless networks that consists of collection sensor nodes which are tiny devices. Each sensor node of the network has different processing capability. It may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have a RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion [13, 14]. Optimum need of each sensor node is to maximize its own utility function. Also the whole network requires resource assignments balance to perform in a useful and efficient way. This chapter presents a brief survey on WSNs showing its types, characterizing features, protocols and applications.

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises of several tiny, low-cost, resource constrained sensor nodes. These nodes are placed in harsh environments and generally are used for air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, industrial monitoring, health monitoring and more. Routing is difficult in such surroundings primarily due to the unique constraints the wireless sensor networks suffer from. Wireless sensor network is highly dynamic, making existing routing protocols ineffective. This paper concentrates on energy efficiency of the protocols. Both the protocol presented are hierarchical and cluster based. Both have sensor nodes and a base station (BS). The BS selects the Cluster Heads (CH) among themselves. CH is the elected sensor node which passes on the sensor data collected by sensor nodes of its cluster to either BS or other CH. All candidate nodes for becoming CH are listed, based on the various factors like relative distance of the candidate node from the Base Station, outstanding energy level, possible number of neighboring sensor nodes the

Wireless sensor networks are very important in everyday life. This new technology is exciting with unlimited potential for numerous application areas including environmental, medical, military, transportation, entertainment, emergency management and homeland defence. WSN are connected with nodes, in WSN communication takes place through air. The exploration subject that I have picked is on Wireless

Sensor based temperature monitoring system is one of important part of the proposed project for an optimal environmental monitoring strategy. The sensors will be placed at multiple points to measure the temperature and humidity of the mushroom house.

small electronic devices, they can only be equipped with a limited power source [3]. Each sensor node

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of low cost sensor nodes depolyed in parking area. These sensor nodes form a multi-hop ad-hoc network by wireless commnunication.

The ideal wireless sensor is networked and scalable, consumes very little power, is smart and software programmable, efficient for fast data acquisition, reliable and accurate over the long term, costs little to purchase and install, and requires no real maintenance.

The clustering protocols aim is to minimize the energy consumption for each node and to maximize the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In wireless sensor networks the node are densely deployed and it consumes large energy, it acquires from cluster formation overhead and fixed level clustering. The proposing method is Power Efficient and Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Protocol (PEACH) for wireless sensor networks. In PEACH, when the anticipation of the node reaching highest energy to become a Cluster Head, legitimacy in power consumption can be improved. PEACH supports adaptive multilevel clustering and the cluster structure forms without additional overhead. The simulation result analyzes that the, PEACH protocol minimizes the energy consumption of each node and the proposing method support the hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm which extend the network lifetime of wireless sensor network from surviving with hot spot problem.

Low Energy Aware Cluster Hierarchy (LEACH) is one of the hierarchical routing protocols that uses very limited amount of energy and increases the lifetime of the network. Transfer of Data through Wireless Sensor Network is a challenging task today particularly with the existence of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, Flooding attack, Black hole attach and Gray hole attack. All attacks mentioned above are implemented and their impacts on the performance of the LEACH in terms of different metrics including packet

A number of studies and researches showing the improvement in LEACH protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks.

Sensors are small, low-cost and low-power communication devices which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. Basically, a single sensor node comprises a sensing part, power source, transceiver and processor. The sensing part enables them to collect information of a particular interest. Moreover, it determines their application. The type of power source a sensor node employs has a significant effect on the size, cost and longevity of the node. The integrated transceiver provides sensor nodes the capability for wireless communication between each other or as a network of devices. Hence, the term Wireless Sensor Networks.

With increased capabilities and decreased costs, mobile wireless sensor network rapidly gained popularity and interest that greatly enhanced ability to monitor any phenomena. The idea of needs for monitoring has been around for a long time. However, a mobile wireless sensor network became available because of microelectromechanical systems and implementation of wireless communication such as satellites and GSM networks to transmit the gathered data. Further development in semiconductor technologies enabled miniaturization, low power consumption and decreased cost (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). Even though the monitoring with the use of sensor network have been around for a couple of decades the implementation was done more in stationary approach rather than mobile. Similarly to

When a sensor node has new data, it advertises it using the ADV messages to its neighbors. When a neighboring node receives this message, it checks whether it has already received or requested the advertised data. If not, it sends an REQ message back to the broadcast address requesting the data item. Upon receiving a REQ message, only the originating node sends the actual data to the requesting nodes. One advantage of this protocol is its simplicity and does not require any other topology information.

Current the new arrival of generation of wires sensor network has been provided for several applications because of modern period which brought the integration of the smallest physical sensors, embedded of small controllers called microcontrollers and radio interfaces on one and only single chip fabrication. All of these functions brought a wide range of application for sensor networks. The integration into wearable wires body area network has been incorporated with a big number of physiological sensors. In addition the idea of micro-sensing and wires and wires linked to the network nodes promises several new application areas like, health ,home, environment ,sport house and others. We briefly illustrate these applications and for more details, the reader should refer to [29].

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of multiple tiny devices called nodes or motes. These are distributed spatially in an environment to monitor sense and compute data wirelessly. The role of a sensor node is to evaluate different tasks. First, a node has to sense physical conditions and exchange the information with other nodes after computation. Second, it plays the important role of being a relay for different sensor nodes [1],[2],[3],[4]. These nodes can mount anywhere in the environment [2]. With recent advancements in the field of electronics these devices are becoming cheaper and smaller and are being employed in both indoor and outdoor environments. Applications include agricultural monitoring, household and military surveillance, industrial automation and robotics, and healthcare [3]. A sensor node, shown in Figure.1 is a low power device and consists of five different components namely [5], [12]