Wireless Sensor Networks Are Formed By Autonomous Nodes

The idea of an ad hoc network is often unfamiliar to end users who have only seen small residential or business networks that use a typical router to send wireless signals to individual computers. However, the ad hoc network is being used quite a bit in new types of wireless engineering, although

Wireless sensor nodes[2] have limited resources such as limited memory and limited power. There is unreliable communication in wireless sensor network that leads to threat to sensor security. The security of network depend on communication which relies on protocol.

The sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are used for surveillance of ambient environment, which can be unpredictable. The sensor nodes are often exposed to harsh surroundings, which could lead to many problems like failure of the sensing unit, radio transceiver, and processors; not just that, also sensor node death occurs due to energy crunch eventually. So it’s understood that faults directly affect the network lifetime of a Wireless Sensor Network. Wireless Sensor Network Lifetime means the time period required for the network to function with the collective effort of sensors even if some of the nodes have failed. When this percentage of failed nodes increases, fault prevention and avoidance strategies are needed to be applied to improve reliability and performance of the network. A reliable WSN yields accurate results. For fault tolerance in WSN, maintenance of a consistent quality of service (QoS) is necessary. Also energy efficiency comes into picture, which is a difficult task to achieve.

CNBD analyzed the aggregated data to the sink by the transfer time from end to end to obtain a higher battery power of each node [83]. Guo and et. al. have suggested a Faulty Node Detection (FIND) to WSN. FIND is a method for nodes with data errors capturing a centralized approach, without specific recognition model taking into account. It is measured to measure the signal attenuation distance [84]. Saihi and et al. used to create a centralized error detection method based on clustering approach, the exchange of messages heartbeat actively scalable and balanced applications for WSN [85]. In April 2016, Tahir and et al. evaluated a nominal power consumption in wireless sensor networks through a system through which a small number of high energy nodes collect both location information and the residual power state of the read nodes, then they are transmitted to the base station (BS). The authors suggested an algorithm in which a minor proportion of the high energy nodes are used to transmit each node’s information to Base Station (BS) [86].

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or detect dimensions, to pass their data through the network to a base station for processing. Advantages of WSN over a wired system considered in elimination of wiring cost, sensors can be installed in harsh environments. Each sensor node is a combination of Radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna micro-controller, electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors, energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. Drawback of using sensors is having limited power to consume, a memory that is

Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN).

A wireless sensor network can be composed of a large number of nodes, constituting a

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of low cost sensor nodes depolyed in parking area. These sensor nodes form a multi-hop ad-hoc network by wireless commnunication.

Development in Wireless Communication and networking has led to development of many applications like Bluetooth, Near Field Communications and Wireless Sensor Networks. A wireless sensor network is essentially a network of nodes which consist of a power supply, sensors which usually sense the ambient conditions and processors for storing and processing information collected and a transceiver unit which is used to transmit and receive information from other nodes. In addition it might have a GPS system which provides location based services. This Wireless Sensor network is divided into 3 main parts: Bottom nodes, cluster heads and network coordinators. The data collected by a node is transmitted to its cluster head, in turn, the data collected by the cluster head is sent to the network coordinator and data at the network coordinator can be sent to nearby clusters using a router and internet.

Wireless Sensor Network is an emerging field which has found varied applications, especially for the Military. Applications using Sensor Networks, including underwater sensors need to be explored and developed further.

Wireless Sensor networks are defined as the distribution of the sensors in the irregular manner. It is a heterogeneous system. The range of sensors used in the network may be from few hundreds to thousands. These sensors will have limited resources like power, storage, communication and processing capability.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, humidity, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The WSN is built of nodes from a few to several hundreds or even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes several) sensors. Each such sensor network node has typically several parts: a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting [23].

By dividing the WSN into fixed WSN and mobile WSN, it proposes a measure to identify and deal with the sensor node faults. Additionally, it suggested a mechanism for the prediction of the energy consumption of sensor networks.

The collection of sensor nodes by enabling cooperation, coordination and collaboration among sensor nodes is formed Wireless Sensor Network (WSN); the WSN consists of multiple autonomous nodes with a base station.

Abstract— The ultimate aim of a wireless sensor network is to provide accurate and reliable information regarding the environment in which the sensors are deployed. Among the various applications of a sensor network, target tracking is the one of the key application of WSNs. In existing system To design a Face Track for detecting the movement of a target in polygon. Develop a brink detection algorithm used to reconstruct another conceptual polygon. Optimal node selection algorithm to select which sensor of spatial region to track data. All wireless sensors are activated and idle listening is a major source of energy waste. Once an active sensor runs out of energy, that sensors are not present in the network. So communication is not fully completed. We enhance the proposed algorithm Probability-Based Prediction and Sleep Scheduling (PPSS) to overcome this problem also it improve the power efficiency and increase the network life time.