Wireless Sensor Networks : Technology, Computing And Communication Technologies

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

A WSN is a type of wireless networks that consists of collection sensor nodes which are tiny devices. Each sensor node of the network has different processing capability. It may contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash memories), have a RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion [13, 14]. Optimum need of each sensor node is to maximize its own utility function. Also the whole network requires resource assignments balance to perform in a useful and efficient way. This chapter presents a brief survey on WSNs showing its types, characterizing features, protocols and applications.

Sensor nodes have insured wireless communication limited node capabilities. There are lots of challenges put into the sensor network. As discussed earlier WSN is definitely an infrastructure less network, therefore it communicates on the wireless network. The key challenge in WSN is the power supplied to the sensor nodes. Usually the power supplied to the sensor nodes is nonrenewable [12]. Some protocols are utilized in WSN, they are accustomed to maximize the lifetime of the network by the effective management of the power resources. The key issues are explained

The WSN infrastructures can be designed in a variety of ways to address different priorities and make the appropriate technology trade-offs based on the requirements of the certain application. There are number of interrelated design variables associated with wireless sensor networking.

Autonomous sensors nodes to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a receiver (destination) [1] [7].

With the furtherance of computer networks extending boundaries and joining distant locations, wireless sensor networks (WSN) emerged as the new frontier in developing opportunities in order to collect and process data from remote locations. A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized in a cooperative manner. Multiple sensor nodes arranged in proximity to sense an event and subsequently transmit sensed and collected information to a remote processing unit or base station. The nodes are able to communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. More than 1000s or even 10,000 nodes are expected. Currently, wireless sensor

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of distributed sensors to monitor environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or detect dimensions, to pass their data through the network to a base station for processing. Advantages of WSN over a wired system considered in elimination of wiring cost, sensors can be installed in harsh environments. Each sensor node is a combination of Radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an external antenna micro-controller, electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors, energy source, usually a battery or an embedded form of energy harvesting. Drawback of using sensors is having limited power to consume, a memory that is

Wireless networks of sensors are very much likely to be widely deployed in the future because they greatly extend our ability to control and monitor the physical environment from remote locations. Such networks can greatly improve the accuracy of information obtained via collaboration among sensor nodes and online information processing at those nodes. Wireless sensor networks can also improve remote access to sensor data by providing sink nodes that connect them to other networks, such as the Internet, using wide-area wireless links. If the sensors share their observations and processes then that meaningful and useful information is available at the sink nodes, so users can retrieve information from the sink nodes to monitor and control the environment from afar.

Military Applications: The origin of wireless sensor networks is from defence research, therefore there are vast applications in military where sensor nodes can be deployed in warfield surveillance to detect, locate and monitor enemy activities.

This paper is also proposed a frame work for the simulation of the wireless sensor networks and the applications of WSN are that proposed an algorithm. The applications of wireless sensor networks is spreading rapidly form the last ten years in many areas like mostly in the areas called militaries, defence, large buildings, industries, and in many commercial buildings. Due to the advancement in wireless sensor networks the sensors with low power and the modules equipped with radio devices is now replaced with the wired sensors. These small modules (tiny) can be known as motes will collect all the information from the environment by using the motes and is also working like neurons.

Natural disasters have become very critical due to several reasons like global warming. Wireless sensor networks are used for detecting the natural events by measuring the temperature, air pressure, vibration, etc. and generate alarms. WSNs can measure the agitation of buildings, CO2 levels, and weather monitoring, etc. (Yawut & Kilaso, 2011).

Wireless Network Sensors (WSNs) [4] has offered a lot of Intelligent Systems which require minimum expenditure with least labor services. WSNs works entirely on sensors which sense physical as well as environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pressure, noise etc. We have come along with lots and lots of services in Industrial monitoring, health care monitoring, and environmental monitoring using WSNs. I came across an interesting journal of Intelligent Parking Lot Application using Wireless Sensor Networks by Sangwon Lee, Dukhee Yoon and Amitabha Ghosh, 2008.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

We consider a WSN in which the sensor nodes have both sensing ability and short distance wireless communication ability. The objective of the deployment of the WSN is to keep the FoI under strict surveillance/collect data and then forward the obtained information to a designated gateway/data sink. Hence, coverage and connectivity are the

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of multiple tiny devices called nodes or motes. These are distributed spatially in an environment to monitor sense and compute data wirelessly. The role of a sensor node is to evaluate different tasks. First, a node has to sense physical conditions and exchange the information with other nodes after computation. Second, it plays the important role of being a relay for different sensor nodes [1],[2],[3],[4]. These nodes can mount anywhere in the environment [2]. With recent advancements in the field of electronics these devices are becoming cheaper and smaller and are being employed in both indoor and outdoor environments. Applications include agricultural monitoring, household and military surveillance, industrial automation and robotics, and healthcare [3]. A sensor node, shown in Figure.1 is a low power device and consists of five different components namely [5], [12]