Wireless Sensors Networks Security

A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes, which are arranged either inside the phenomenon to be monitored or very close to it. Sensor networks denote an important improvement over traditional sensor networks, which are deployed in two means as shown below [26]:

Monitoring patients with vital signs using mobile computing technology had substantial growth for physicians. They are able to access information, resources and people at the right time and place. What is so essential about mobile computing is the feature of the healthcare delivery. Faster communication between the patients, wards, clinics, laboratories, operating theaters and offices are very important. Physicians are able to complete these tasks with their patients at a faster rate. This means the patient(s) are able to get the treatment they need faster and the physicians are to take care more individuals than before.

This paper focuses on modeling and calculating trust between nodes in WSNs, based on sensed continuous data to address security issues and deal with malicious and misbehavior nodes and for assisting the decision-making process. A new trust model and a reputation system for WSNs can be proposed. The trust model establishes the continuous version of the reputation system applied to binary events and presents a new trust and reputation system for sensor Networks. This approach for mixing of second hand information from neighboring nodes with directly observed information to calculate trust between nodes in WSNs. Trust metrics can be used to evaluate the trust value of each node in the clusters. Behaviors are monitored by monitoring node (MN). Monitoring node selected at the next higher level of CH, this can also be changed dynamically along with CH. The main focus of this paper is to develop a fuzzy theory based trust and reputation model for WSNs environment.

Another one is an integrated RISC microprocessor with serial analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) converters that interface various signals coming from the sensors to a PC. An alternate to this system is to use a reconfigurable embedded control and acquisition system, i.e. Compact-Rio whose rugged hardware architecture includes I/O modules, a reconfigurable FPGA chassis, and an embedded controller [12]. But in all such technologies the major problem which persists is their inflexibility and bulkiness. Size, weight. Being a wired system the range of communication is limited. The need of the hour is to use a wireless system for communicating between sensors and server. WSN appears as a key solution to this problem.

In this paper, we will work mainly to detect and remove communication hole in a heterogeneous wireless sensor network. For this we will study the existing techniques. Finding an efficient deployment that modifies the existing techniques.

Ans: Wireless Sensor Network is a system with collection of sensors formulated with irregular patterns in remote areas with limited number of hardware resources.

A Wireless Sensor Network or WSN is supposed to be made up of a large number of sensors and at least one base station. The sensors are autonomous small devices with several constraints like the battery power, computation capacity, communication range and memory. They also are supplied with transceivers to gather information from its environment and pass it on up to a certain base station, where the measured parameters can be stored and available for the end user.

Wireless Network Sensors (WSNs) [4] has offered a lot of Intelligent Systems which require minimum expenditure with least labor services. WSNs works entirely on sensors which sense physical as well as environmental conditions such as temperature, sound, pressure, noise etc. We have come along with lots and lots of services in Industrial monitoring, health care monitoring, and environmental monitoring using WSNs. I came across an interesting journal of Intelligent Parking Lot Application using Wireless Sensor Networks by Sangwon Lee, Dukhee Yoon and Amitabha Ghosh, 2008.

With the recent technological advancements in smaller sensor devices with ubiquitous sensing and monitoring capabilities, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are evolving as one of the most significant technologies of 21st century (Ruiz-Garcia, Lunadei, Barreiro, & Robla, 2009). Though wired networks provide more stable and reliable communication, wireless networking does provide more advantages with connectivity without being tethered. WSN with dense wireless networks of small, low cost sensors for collecting and disseminating environment data has facilitated connecting, monitoring and controlling of physical environments and environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure from remote locations with better accuracy which are not possible with wired networks (Potnis & Rajeshwari, 2015). Moreover, with the unique characteristics of flexibility, energy efficiency, distributed intelligence, low cost and most importantly with very good sensing and monitoring capabilities, WSNs are serving wide range of applications in various fields including remote environmental monitoring, home security, industry applications, military purposes such as target tracking by preparing and providing a ubiquitous computing environment (Ruiz-Garcia et al., 2009).

The basic suggestion of anytime and anywhere computing leads to the new field called mobile computing. The major stimuli for the growth of mobile computing are due to advancement in wireless technology. The improvement in wireless transmission techniques lead to the development of the WSN. A wireless Sensor network includes various application areas like environment monitoring, military applications and context aware computing environments etc.

A Wireless Sensor Network can be composed of large number of tiny of sensor nodes spread in a wide area and communicating with each other either directly or through routing mechanisms to the other nodes. One or more of the nodes are the base station with uninterrupted battery source than the other nodes. Since the devices in WSN are often tiny devices with small form factor the computational power of these devices is usually small because there will not support large amount of hardware. Furthermore as the devices are wireless they need to obtain their energy from an inbuilt battery which in the end needs to be recharged or replaced. If the battery of a device is depleted it needs an immediate substitution to function further .

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

A number of studies and researches showing the improvement in LEACH protocol of Wireless Sensor Networks.

Sensors are small, low-cost and low-power communication devices which detects or measures a physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise responds to it. Basically, a single sensor node comprises a sensing part, power source, transceiver and processor. The sensing part enables them to collect information of a particular interest. Moreover, it determines their application. The type of power source a sensor node employs has a significant effect on the size, cost and longevity of the node. The integrated transceiver provides sensor nodes the capability for wireless communication between each other or as a network of devices. Hence, the term Wireless Sensor Networks.

nowadays sensors are anywhere. We take it for granted, however there are sensors in our cars, in our clever telephones, in factories controlling CO2 emissions, and even inside the ground tracking soil conditions in vineyards. while evidently sensors were around for a while, research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) commenced returned within the Eighties and it's miles only in view that 2001 that WSNs generated an elevated hobby from commercial and research perspectives. This is due to the supply of less expensive, low powered miniature additives like processors, radios and sensors that have been regularly included on a unmarried chip (system on a chip (SoC)).