Wistar Rats Sucrose

In the scientific method lab, I explored the different food options for mice in order to find the best one that will help them gain weight. To succeed in this lab, I needed to examine several types of foods including fruits, raw meat, cooked and uncooked foods. In this experiment I used cooked macaroni as a positive control and for the negative control I didn’t feed the mice any food, only water. The main objective of this study was to determine the best solution that will help me understand the metabolism of mice. All mice used in this study were given the same resources, but the only difference was the different types of foods fed to the mice to understand the changes of weight gain or loss between the mice.

Researchers divided the mice into two groups. Group A ate food laced with the sweetener aspartame. After three months the aspartame group had higher levels of blood sugar than the mice that ate normal food. There is also speculation that same is true of other artificial sweeteners even ones made from sugar derivates or from the Stevia genus of plants.

This study was performed to study the effects on what would happen to the mass of a bone from a chicken wing when the amount of sugar is increased in a liquid. The hypothesis for this lab was that when more sugar was added to the liquid, the more the mass of the bone would decrease over time. It was predicted that the gatorade would make the mass decrease the most and that the water would decrease it the least. It is known that sugar can increase body weight in fat (Greenfield), but sugar can also act as an acid in some cases (Goldschmidt). Our hypothesis was formed thinking that the sugar may act as an acid in this experiment. In this experiment the independent variable was the liquids and the dependent variable was the three chicken bones.

Obesity and its subsequent ailments are regarded as the leading cause(s) of death in the United States and many other parts of the world. As such, much deserved attention and controversy has been brought worldwide. Many people place blame for this relatively recent epidemic on the shoulders of high-fructose corn syrup, an artificial sweetener whose use has increased for many years alongside the rates of childhood and adult obesity. While they are not entirely incorrect in assuming a widespread increase in added sugars would result in more calories per product, more calories consumed, and therefore more calories stored in bodily tissue, high-fructose corn syrup alone is not solely to blame for this phenomenon.

In this study, one group of male rats were given water sweetened with HFCS in addition to their standard diet and another group of male rats received water sweetened with table sugar with their standard diet for a period of 6 months. The proportion of HFCS used in the study was half the amount of the sugar used. The study “monitored weight gain, body fat and triglyceride levels in rats”. The male rats that had HFCS in their diet gained about 48 percent more weight (characteristic of obesity). They also had substantial increases in abdominal fat and circulating triglycerides (i.e. a “fatty liver”). "In humans, these same characteristics are known risk factors for high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, cancer and

However, other indicators for the rise of obesity may include: diet, exercise, and changes in a person’s lifestyle. Sugars produce energy in the form of calories providing building blocks for other molecules in, which the body requires such as fats and proteins. Other benefits it provides other than as a sweetener consist of: texture, functions as a preservative, helps with brown baked foods, provides fermentable sugars, retains moisture, decreases the harsh vinegar or acid bite, regulates melting, boiling, and frizzing points in certain products (“About High Fructose Corn Syrup,”

This extended essay is trying to answer the question “How much does people’s knowledge of the affects of aspartame reflect the scientific facts?”. The essay starts with a brief introduction to the topic, explaining thoroughly what food additives are in general and furthermore what kind of substance Aspartame is. Before continuing to consider and discuss the dangers of food additives and aspartame, information about other sweeteners are researched and some examples of these are stated.

This can be associated with a concept named “sugar addiction”. It seems it’s hard to connect “sugar” with “addiction”, because we eat sugar every day, and we tend to connect “addiction” to something that sounds more “chemical” like drugs. But some researches show that “sugar addiction” really exists. According to the research of Avena, Rada and Hoebel (2008), sugar can be a kind of addiction material. It is found that sugar can make human body to release opioids and dopamine, which are two kinds of substances that are considered as addictable. This article summarizes the evidence of sugar dependence in an animal model, and the evidence supports the hypothesis that rats can become sugar addicted under certain circumstances. Also, the research of Wideman, Nadzam and Murphy (2005) indicates the effects of sugar addiction, withdrawal and relapse are similar to the effects of drugs addiction. From the researches about the mechanism of being addicted to sugar, we can see that it’s possible to let a man become addicted to

This research study focuses on how aspartame affects the human body, particularly the brain. It includes the different classes of sweetener, their characteristics and their difference from aspartame. It also explains why multi-national corporations prefer to use aspartame as sugar substitute over the other varieties of sweeteners. Lastly, it details the compatibility of aspartame to beverages and the standard amount of sweeteners in instant goods set by the World Government. However, this study does not cover the possible sources of treatment to the problems caused by aspartame. This research is limited to explaining the overall concept of aspartame as a sweetener.

Ever since the basic principles of chemistry became apart of human knowledge, scientists have been fascinated with understanding the physical and chemical properties of novel compounds. The prevalent use of artificial sweeteners, (a group of synthetically manufactured compounds with no caloric value) as table sugar alternatives in many of today’s commercially traded goods is an example of applying chemistry to generate novelty. However, the biological effects associated with their consumption remains shrouded in public misconceptions.1 As a result, the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) has become the emphasis for many obesity and neurological related clinical studies. Does the consumption of aspartame have adverse effects on body mass and neurological activity in humans?

Young 180-200 gram male Sprauge-Dawley rats housed in individual hanging wire cages within 21-23°C twelve hour lit rooms were given food and water ad libitum until surgery to test whether adrenalectomized rats willingly drink sweet saccharin solutions as a function of circulating corticosterone, and if corticosterone increases the motivation for saccharin intake after a period of withdrawal by sham adrenalectomizing three groups of five to six rats, and bilaterally adrenalectomizing and implanting 100 milligram pellets (wax 0% Corticosterone, 15- and 30% Corticosterone cholesterol, or 100% Corticosterone) into four groups of 5-6 rats. Sham and adrenalectomized rats were immediately given 2 milliMolar saccharin and 0.5% saline bottles in their individual home cages. Over the fifteen day experiment, saccharin was allowed for four days on, three days off, four days on, three days off, and a final day on. To determine the energy balance and plasma concentrations in the groups of the adrenalectomized rats, levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, insulin, and leptin were measured by radio-immunoassays. 30% Corticosterone

Sugar is a carbohydrate and used to sweeten food and drinks. Sugar Sweetened Beverages like fruit drinks, soft drinks, energy drinks, iced tea, lemonade which have added sugar sweeteners which are sucrose and high fructose corn syrup. 12oz portion of carbonated soft drink contains 35g sugar and 140kcal of energy. According guideline of World Health Organization sugar intake should be less than 10% of total energy intake per day. Added sugar sweeteners in sugar sweeten beverages are more harmful for health than natural sugar containing products. The study has spotted excess consumption of added sugar from Sugar Sweetened Beverages is major source of gaining weight in adults and children and linked with other non-communicable

It’s human nature to want sweets. Even back in the hunter and gatherer days, we consumed some form of sugar. The danger is that many of the so-called sugars or sweeteners we have today are not real sugar—they’re man made poisons passed off as sweeteners. In this section, we’ll be talking about the many forms of sugars and sweeteners, including the chemicals that are contained within them and what they’re doing to the human body. Many people think that they’re created the same and they’re relatively healthy, but that’s not the case.

Sweetness is usually correlated with sugar. The problem with sugar, otherwise known as sucrose, is that it has a lot of calories. These calories lead to weight gain if not spent by exercise, but now that humans have the knowledge and technology to create various substances, there are artificial sweeteners that do not have calories at all and taste even sweeter than sucrose. Many Americans avoid sugar-sweetened drinks by drinking beverages filled with artificial sweeteners such as aspartame to avoid weight gain. However, studies have shown that the adverse neurological and visceral effects of aspartame demonstrate that artificial sweeteners are more harmful than helpful; therefore, artificial sweeteners, especially aspartame, should not be

Kroger, M., Meister, K. & Kava, R., 2006. Low-calorie Sweeteners and Other Sugar Substitutes: A Review of the Safety Issues. [Online]