With The Fast Advancement Of Enterprises, Water Asset Shortage,

The purpose of this lab was to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide compound. In the lab, hydrochloric acid and copper oxide compound was mixed until it formed a blue solution. An oxidation-reduction reaction, a reaction in which there is an exchange of electrons between elements, was performed by adding zinc to the solution to displace the copper in copper chloride. Zinc, in this case, was oxidized by losing two electrons (0 → 2+) while copper was reduced by gaining two electrons (2+ → 0). Also, when the copper was displaced, it became a precipitate, which is a substance that comes out of a solution as a solid due to insolubility.

In this task the concentration of an unknown sample of copper sulphate using colorimetry was used to find the concentration. In this investigation copper sulphate was used which is CuSO4.5H20 as a formula. To make a standard solution which was 1M, the same clean equipment was used to make up the standard solution as used to make sodium carbonate. However there was one difference and that was that the hot distilled water was used to dissolve the copper sulphate crystals. There had to be enough hot water in order to dissolve the crystals into the beaker and then add cold distilled water to cool the solution.

The purpose of the experiment is to cycle solid copper through a series of five reactions. At different stages of the cycle, copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid, and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid, the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where elemental copper was regenerated by Zn and Cu

The more time the copper is left in the solution, the more time there will be for the cu2+ ions to be deposited.

Water is a privilege. Living in the 21first century America, many individuals including myself have forgotten this. Many families all over the world are forced to walk miles for water just to find that it isn't even clean. Water shortage is a problem all over the world, but especially in poor countries like Africa. Because individuals all over the world have to get their water, my class did a water walk to understand their pains, but I would change it by making it longer, carrying more water, and having harsher conditions.

To ensure that the Animas River returns to its original state and the drainage from the Gold King Mine is cleaned up, we believe that a high density sludge process should be used. We believe the most effective high density sludge process is the health steele process. This process works by first mixing the sludge with lime in a tank so that the water can return to it’s original ph. Once the water reaches a safe ph for drinking, it reaches the lime reactor where air is added to ensure the water doesn’t change when exposed to air. Once the water leaves the lime reactor it is transported to the floc tank, where the remaining contaminated particles are removed from the drinking water. The final step is when the water reaches the clarifier and is sent back out to the river, as a healthy drinking water.

Chloride Equation: Ag+ (aq) + Cl- AgCl (s) Sliver Nitrate- Adding dilute nitric acid. (Sliver nitrate + dilute nitric acid.)

Copper commonly occurs as a pollutant in surface fresh waters and it can be extremely toxic to fish , and so its removal is often necessary . There are several methods that exist in the actuality, such as adsorption on activated

The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. The reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4, mass of 7.0015g with 2.0095g Fe or iron powder produced a solid precipitate of copper while the solution remained the blue color. Through this the appropriate reaction had to be determined out of the two possibilities. Through the use of a vacuum filtration system the mass of Cu was found to be 2.1726g which meant that through limiting reagent analysis Fe was determined to be the limiting reagent and the chemical reaction was determined to be as following:-

In this Separation of Mixtures lab, the substances, carbon, copper chloride, and water were separated from each other from a mixture. The hypothesis for this lab was “If the separation technique, boiling, is used to separate copper chloride from water, then 95% of the copper chloride will be recovered because copper chloride, which is soluble in water, won 't evaporate with the water.” The hypothesis was not supported by this lab. Although the lab confirmed that filtering and evaporating were the correct means of separation to use on carbon, water, and copper chloride, the overall result was not

The objective of this investigation was to determine the chemical formula of the hydrate copper (II) sulfate. 3.4g of hydrate was grinded to a fine powder and afterwards heated at a medium setting on a hot plate until colour change from blue to a light grey occurred. Subsequently the colour change had occurred the mass of the hot anhydrous salt was measured to weigh 2.1g. The mass of the water evaporated was calculated to be 1.3g. After all the data was collected the percentage of water evaporated was calculated to be approximately 38%. The accepted stoichiometric ratio between copper sulfate and water was 1:5.

After the experiment, dispose all the Cu(II) solutions in inorganic waste jars and all the other solutions can be discarded in the sink with copious running water.

When the zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution, the solution started to bubble. As the solution was stirred, it turned a cloudy blue. Small flecks of a brown solid were visible. As the solution became colorless, the brown solid settled to the bottom of the beaker. The solid formed was copper in its elemental state. The color faded from the solution as the copper ions slowly formed into solid copper. The copper was poured into a funnel with filter paper and washed three times with 25 mL

The widely used coagulants in water treatment are metal salts including aluminium sulphate , aluminium chloride , polyaluminium chloride , ferric sulphate and ferric chloride (Saunders and Saunders, 1991). The primary mechanisms by which coagulant can remove both organic and inorganic contaminants from water include colloid destabilization, precipitation and co-precipitation (Langelier and Ludwig, 1949; Randtke, 1988; Saunders and Saunders, 1991). Mer and Healy(1963) deplored the indiscriminate use of the terms coagulation and flocculation which is found to represent synonymous concepts. It was proposed that the term coagulation be based on colloidal destabilization where colloidal particles

Heavy metals and their salts (Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Co, Ni,) are widespread industrial pollutants. In the waters they come from natural sources (rocks, the surface layers of soil and groundwater), the wastewater of many industrial enterprises and rain (polluted with smoke emissions). Heavy metals, as trace elements, are constantly encountered in natural waters and aquatic bodies depending on the geochemical conditions.