Wobblers Syndrome Research Paper

Legg-Calve-Perthes is a disease that has no known cause and can occur in one hip joint or in both, without any precipitating trauma. The disease affects small, young dogs and seems to be strongly determined by genetics, occurring in equal numbers of female and male canines. (3: Symptoms and Signs section) In dogs with this disease, the blood supply is obstructed before it reaches the upper part of the femur – the femoral head or "ball" part of the joint-- and the lack of blood flow leads to disintegration and breakage of the bone and cartilage. The affected hip joint and surrounding area become inflamed and irritated, which is very painful for dogs suffering from Legg-Calve-Perthes. (3)

Lumbosacral stenosis puts pressure on the nerves in the spinal canal between the lumbar and sacral vertebrae, damaging them. The condition is rare in cats but can cause pain and lameness in cats who are affected.

In this paper, various things will be explained about Legg-Calves Perthes (LCPD). Things like signs and symptoms, the neurological pain pathway, diagnosis and treatment, and the comparison to a normal hip.

The article I reviewed discussed a study of the body shape and alignment in a breed of dogs called Great Danes. Some of the dogs had a disease called Cervical Spondylomyelopathy, commonly known as Wobbler Syndrome or CSM, and some of them were perfectly normal and healthy. The cause of this disease is unknown but many believe that it is a mix of large breed dogs having a large and heavy head and long neck which can cause irregular forces on the vertebrae of the neck. The study included 15 dogs with Wobblers and 15 dogs who had no clinical signs of wobblers. In the beginning stages, wobblers causes dogs to have a funny, “wobbly” walk in their back legs and they will seem extra clumsy. This study used MRI scans to determine that there were no distinct differences in dogs with Wobbler Syndrome verses those who are healthy. This finding disproved the original hypothesis that it is caused by a large head and long neck.

Many other symptoms are commonly misinterpreted as hip dysplasia, following similar symptoms. The first test will include a physical examination of the evaluation of initial changes and conformation of hip laxity. Without an appropriate examination the following treatments can be fatal. Radiographs are extremely crucial to help diagnose CHD. In order to get an appropriate diagnostic image the canine may be needed for sedation or be anesthetized for the muscles and bones to relax in the appropriate position. To complete the diagnoses inflammation of the joints can be detected in a chemical profile, with drawing blood and do a complete blood count and also doing an electrolyte panel and

Dandy-Walker Syndrome or Dandy-Walker Malformation is a congenital malformation of the cerebellum and the fluid filled space surrounding it. The malformation can include an enlargement of the fourth ventricle, a partial or complete absence of the space between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum (called the vermis), and a cyst formation near the lowest part of the skull (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS], 2016). Dandy-Walker Syndrome is found in approximately 1 of 25,000 to 35,000 live births and is more prevalent in females than males (NORD-National Organization for Rare Disorders, 2008). Although an exact case is not known, the syndrome may be a result of defects in the embryonic development of the cerebellum. Research has found that in some cases patients have chromosomal abnormalities. Dandy-Walker may also be caused by genetic abnormalities or environmental factors, teratogens (NORD-National Organization for Rare Disorders, 2008). Maternal diabetes and infections passed through the mother to the fetus may also result in a child born with Dandy-Walker Syndrome (Childrens National Health System, 2016).

Lordosis, may be known as swayback, is a pathology where the spine in the lower back has an excessive curve. The spine has natural curves at the top of the back, and lower back. Lordosis occurs when the natural curve in the lumbar region, curves more than normal. If the client has lordosis they will have an arch in their lower backs. Lordosis can often be confused with spondylolisthesis.

According to recent reports by the health and safety executive, there are thousands of cases that are related to upper limb disorders. These cases include a wide range of work related complaints that include shoulder, neck, hand, elbow, wrist and fingers. Most of this is brought about by continuous repetitive or strenuous activities. According to the law if a person is affected by a work-related upper limb disorder an employer could be held liable especially if they failed to control and manage the risks related to the condition effectively.

Some dogs only have an acute case; this is when no abnormal clinical signs are observed. The next level of the disease would be just a mild one were a cough is present. Dogs with a cough, exercise intolerance, and abnormal lung sounds would have a moderate form. The last and most severe form is when the dog is experiencing the previously mentioned clinical signs and/or, dyspnea, hepatomegaly (liver enlargement), syncope, ascites (fluid in abdomen), abnormal heart sounds and possibly death.

Snapping hip syndrome, also known as dancer's hip, is a medical condition where you feel a snapping sensation, or hear a snapping sound, in the hip when you are running, walking, or swinging your leg around. For many people, the problem is little more than a nuisance, and the only symptoms are the snapping sensation, and sound itself. However, for athletes or dancers, snapping hip exercises may help alleviate the weakness, or pain that sometimes interfere with their performance.

oint pain and arthritis is not just experienced in people, but dogs may also get it. Dogs can now be helped with liquid glucosamine for dogs. With a long history of helping people, glucosamine and chondroitin is a logical step towards helping pets. Hopefully with this treatment your dog will up and about with much more comfort than before.

The problem of “Nodding disease” is that it is affecting the children of Uganda in an inexplicable way. It occurs in children between 5-15 years of age that are living in very poor conditions. It was first formally discovered in the district of Kitgum. Many of these kids end up similarly to a vegetative state, affecting the family and providers of these children; These families try to find ways to work and maintain their child safe but it is very hard, so many of these kids end up dying because they walk into fires or have fatal accidents because of their vegetative state. There is speculation that it is a new type of epilepsy because of its symptoms of mental retardation and the continuous nodding these children present. The areas that it

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or disorders at several body regions especially involved the muscles, joints, cartilage, tendon, nerves and also the structures that support the neck, upper and lower limbs and lower back. It can be occur due to sudden force or extended exposure to physical factors such as awkward posture, repetitive works, force and vibration while performing work at workplace. This definition definitely excludes those conditions such as fractures, contusions, abrasions, and lacerations resulting from sudden physical contact of the body with external objects (CDC, 2012).

Out of 44 patients with CSM, 28 patients were managed conservatively with the cervical collar, among them 17 showing improvement over time. The authors felt that cervical spondylotic myelopathy was a benign condition with a prolonged clinical course and prolong periods during which there was no disease progression.

Two examples of crossbred dogs with inherited congenital diseases and hereditary disorders are the Labradoodle and the Irish WolfHound. Both Labradors and Poodles(Labradoodles) can pass down genetic abnormalities. Labradors are susceptible to hip problems, and poodles are prone to have bad eyesight. It is highly probabilite that, with the cross breeding of Poodles and Labradors, the offspring will have hip and eyesight problems. An Irish WolfHound is a descendent of the Irish GreyHound, and they are prone to many disorders and diseases such as Cardiomyopathy( a disease that affects the heart muscle) , Hypothyroidism( when there is little to none activity in the thyroid gland causing mental development to stop or be slowed), Hepatic Encephalopathy(a liver dysfunction), Pododermatitis(the infection of foot tissue), and Hip Dysplasia(when the hip socket does not completely cover the ball surface of the thighbone). Congenital diseases and hereditary disorders can cripple dogs both physically and