Women And Child Mortality And Improvement Of Maternal Health Workers

Throughout Kidders book Mountains Beyond Mountains, it is strongly argued that many of the impoverished nations around the world have extremely inadequate and horrible health care.

In 2002 Afghanistan reported a baseline figure of 1,600 deaths per 100,000 with a 2015 targeted reduction to 315 (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2013, p. 53). While Afghanistan was able to reach the original goal it had set for itself, new goals were created to combat the continuous high number of maternal deaths. Afghanistan has identified general lack of family planning, a limited supply of qualified midwives, and limited access to health care in general as contributing factors towards such high maternal death rates. The state has been working with UNICEF, WHO, and other international partners to implement its National Reproductive health strategy to help combat the conditions in which Afghanistan mothers find themselves.

This documentary showed that because of where these people lived geographically, they weren’t able to access adequate healthcare. Because of the inaccessibility of healthcare, the people looked, sounded, and are perceived things differently from others that aren’t from rural areas. Additionally, the people from these areas were shown as having a hard time getting out of these conditions if they needed or even wanted. They didn’t have the financial means necessary to make it to the doctor or the dentist that they so desperately needed. In my pause-and-reflect paper about geography I wrote about how it wasn’t a very big determining factor in one’s culture, but after viewing this documentary I realized how much where these people lived affected their

Globally, maternal health is an issue that has not been given adequate attention in many regions. Many women across the world are unable to avoid many preventable health consequences of pregnancy, which are usually extreme enough to result in death. In the Latin American region, Bolivia has some of the worst maternal health care systems, due to the underdevelopment of healthcare practices, insufficient political and social concern, and a lack of public awareness. Maternal deaths are attributable to risks caused by pregnancy and childbirth themselves, as well as from the lack of proper, good quality health services (Khan,

The majority of the women in this world will give birth to a child a least once in their life. We expect that whatever hospital or provider we go to will treat us with the best care they can no matter what the circumstance. This is not true for all parts of the world though. The article “To Open Oneself Is a Poor Woman’s Trouble: Embodied Inequality and Childbirth in South–Central Tanzania” indicated different stories of the process of childbirth for several women in South-Central Tanzania. Spangler performed this research to determine the difference in childbirth health care providers and the cost element of childbirth. The research Spangler did involved several different woman: Asha, Sakina, Zamda, and Tausi. Spangler used participant

“An Intervention Involving Traditional Birth Attendants and Perinatal and Maternal Mortality in Pakistan” conducted by Jokhio, Winter, and Cheng focuses on decreasing maternal mortality and perinatal death by intervening in two different ways. The group intervened by providing training to traditional birth attendants, since forty three percent of childbirths are completed by traditional birth attendants in developing countries (Jokhio, Winter, and Cheng, 2005). Secondly, the intervention provided disposable delivery kits to birth attendants. The disposable delivery kits are of great importance because the majority of maternal deaths in Pakistan occur due to not being able to reach a hospital facility in time of childbirth, therefore the kit provides an option for these circumstances. Thus, hopefully eliminating the eighty percent of maternal deaths that occur in homes due to not having appropriate or aseptic equipment (Jokhio, Winter, and Cheng, 2005).

Another issue that contributes to the rural-urban divide is the extremely high cost of health care. In 2006, 39% of the rural population could not afford “professional medical treatment” ("Healthcare in China"). Even though the government has introduced various systems to try to overcome this lack of access to medical care, such as the Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and has increased expenditure on health care, the results of this have not been equally spread. Many rural residents are still uninsured and have large out of pocket health care expenses. In addition, “80 percent of health expenditures are allocated to urban areas even though 70 percent of the population resides in rural areas” ("Healthcare in China"). This is an example of Chinas

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy and birth-related complications are leading causes of death among women of reproductive age in developing countries. In 2008 alone, an estimated 358,000 women worldwide died from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, & World Bank, 2010a). The vast majority of maternal deaths occur in developing countries, where hemorrhage, obstructed labor, eclampsia, abortion, sepsis, and infection are the main causes of pregnancy-related complications (WHO et al., 2010a). Methods: This paper presents secondary analysis of data from the 2010 Afghanistan Mortality Survey (AMS). The AMS, completed in 2010, provides a unique opportunity to assess progress toward achieving improved maternal health and maternal health care, and to examine coverage at the provincial level as well as nationally. Within selected households, all women of age 12-49 who were either usual residents of the household or who slept there the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed (AMS, 2010). The sample for the AMS was selected using a two-stage stratified selection process, based on the 2011 Afghanistan Population and Housing Census (PHC) sampling frame obtained from the Central Statistics Organization (CSO) (AMS, 2010). Results: The study shows overall progress toward improving coverage of all three maternal health indicators (ANC, deliveries attended by SBAs, and PNC). On average, there has been an increase of roughly 10% in each of the

There are many inequalities in modern society, and unequal health care is one of the worst kinds of injustice. The health care inequity in the world is associated with each country imbalanced distribution of economic resources and social resources. Because of this, most people can’t get complete health care rights from government, so it’s unprofitable for each country to mend people’s well-being. Owing to the urban-and-rural

The World Health Organization (WHO; 2015), estimated in the year 2013 China 's population of 1,393,337,000 has experienced a different type of health outcomes. In where the nation China has been promoting an egalitarian society, while having achieved a greater health outcomes compared to the year 1949 communist revolution (Valentine, 2005). China has been successful in controlling many health indicators including the death rate of 6.9 per 1,000 in 2004 as one attributes due to Barefoot Doctors movements (Valentine, 2005; WHO, 2015). Nevertheless, 80% of the Chinese population lives in rural communities, which most people still continues to die from the preventable infectious disease (Dummer & Cook, 2008). The increase in mortality rates causes by preventable diseases such as the supply of clean water, and environmental sanitation is due to the lacks actual medical doctors given birth to the demands for ‘Barefoot Doctors’ adaptation of traits and skills (Dummer & Cook, 2008; Valentine, 2005 ).

Health care was provided in the Cooperative Medical System (CMS), which was mostly financed through a commune’s collective revenue and was minimally supported by the central government in the form of low-priced medicine and equipment. The CMS operated village and township health clinics that were staffed mostly by practitioners who had only basic health care training. These so-called barefoot doctors received much publicity and praise in the West for their supposed effectiveness in meeting the needs of rural populations (Lim, M. K., H. Yang, T. Zhang, W. Feng, Z. Zhou, 2004).

Many people do not know how big of an effect poverty has on the health issues that we face. Health issues are a main concern for countries with high poverty populations. Poverty affects the way we act and live, and our health affects the way that we behave in the real world. Poverty affects our health in many ways including obesity, mental health and diseases, child development, social status, and our homes. Poverty is an important global issue because it plays a role in the estimated one billion people who lack access to health care systems (“Health Issues, Global Issues,” 2010). Developing cities, such as Beijing, are facing a widening range of health problems due to changes in lifestyle.

Firstly, when it comes to the relationship between health inequality and economic wellbeing, health inequality is influenced by low-income groups and poverty is one reason why patients do not seek medical care. In Mongolia, there are some reasons causing people to die. Firstly, some medical services cannot be delivered at the time, because of the mountains terrain. Health service delivery is challenging due to insufficient funding. Secondly, there are not enough professional doctors, so many patients cannot be treated well. Therefore, money is playing an essential role in

Picture No .1 : The graph was constructed taking into account the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries with available data and connecting it to the Maternal Mortality Rate of Women per 100,000 live births (WHO). Both of these sets of data have a very strong relationship and can b used to display

For those who live rurally, the actual physical task of getting to a health centre is a major barrier. Some villagers who live in remote provinces would have to walk for hours to reach a district health centre to receive medical attention. Therefore they would have to miss out on a day’s wages which they cannot afford to live without. It was reported that for the rural population it takes an average 108 minutes to reach a health facility, or 3 hours of those who live in the remote mountains, compared to just 19 minutes for those living in urban centres (4).