Women Develop Adverse Health Risks after Reading ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’
Jaclyn Napoli
University of South Florida
The purpose of the research found in ‘Fiction or Not? Fifty Shades is Associated with Health Risks in Adolescent and Young Adult Females’ by Amy Bonomi, et al. (2014) was to look for an association between reading fiction novels that illustrated violence towards women and health risks. The theory being examined in this article is that popular fiction novels are normalizing violence towards women, abuse and unhealthy behaviors while playing it off as the romance behind the relationship (Bonomi et al., 2014).
The hypothesis of this study is that women who read popular fiction novels, that depict violence
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Women who partially read the ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’ series were excluded from the study “to create the cleanest exposure groups” (Bonomi et al., 2014). ‘White’, ‘Black’, ‘Asian’ and ‘other’ were races that were documented. The women’s sexual orientation was also noted; which included heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual and asexual. Finally, the women indicated what year in college they were in at the time of the survey. The participants in the study completed an online survey. The questions appeared in an order to reduce response bias by asking questions related about ‘Fifty Shades of Grey’ last. First, the women completed questions pertaining to their demographics; such as age, race, sexual orientation and year in college. Next, “eight questions were used to assess lifetime (ever) exposure to physical (one question), sexual (two questions), and nonphysical (five questions) abuse, including cyber-abuse, by an intimate partner”. These women were then asked questions about their health that can be resulted from intimate partner violence; such as “disordered eating, binge drinking and [sexual practices].” Disordered eating was assessed by asking about participant’s “use of diet aids or fasting for 24 or more hours to lose weight.” Binge drinking was defined by the “Centers for Disease Control and the
According to (Breiding, Smith, Basile, et al. (2014) , a national Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, conducted in the U. S. in 2011 revealed, The lifetime prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner was an estimated 31.5% among women. An estimated 22 .3% of women experienced at least one act of severe physical violence by an intimate partner during their lifetime. The lifetime prevalence of physical violence by an intimate partner was an estimated 27.5% for men. An estimated 14 of men experienced at least one act of severe physical violence by an intimate partner during their lifetimes. Where the victim/offender relationship was known, female murder victims were almost 6
Sexual abuse, specifically from a male, generates many negative consequences, especially to the victims involved. Male violence occurs all over the United States and has been steadily rising (Hooks 117). In Bell Hooks’ article, “Feminist Move to End Violence”, she discusses the reason why male violence is occurring. She explains, “While male supremacy encourages the use of abusive force to maintain male domination of women, it is the Western philosophical notion of hierarchical rule and coercive authority that is the root cause of violence against women, of adult violence against children, of all violence between those who dominate and those who are dominated” (Hooks 118). Due to the relevance of male violence today, feminist writers have been addressing this issue and its impact in their novels.
Intimate Partner Violence is a serious public health problem in the United States. On average, 24 people every minute, and 3 in 10 women and 1 in 10 men are victim to some form of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner (CDC). Victims of IPV may suffer from a variety of different physical and psychological symptoms. They may suffer physical injuries, some minor, like cuts, scratches and bruises, and some more serious, that can lead to disability or death. They may also suffer from emotional harm, leading to depression, anxiety or PTSD. Victims of IPV may also try and cope with their trauma in unhealthy ways, such as participating in risky sex or substance abuse (CDC). In order to help address this crises,
To begin, the researcher for the article pulled more than 650 young women from ages of eighteen to twenty-four, some have and some have not read 50 shades of grey. The results from those who have read the book were; 25% were more likely to have a partner who has yelled or swore at them, 34% had stalking tendencies, 75% more likely to diet or fast. Those who read all the books resulted in 65% are more likely to binge drink and 63% are more likely to have five or more partners in their lifetime (Michigan State University & Bonomi, 2015). In
While not a somatic assault, emotional abuse can cause lasting effects on a woman’s health, so much so that researcher, B. Van Houdenhove and others working on the project have found “that emotional abuse and neglect may be contributing factors to the development and/or severity of illnesses such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia” (Karakurt and Silver). Finally, emotional abuse is a rampant issue, Karakurt and Silver report that “Psychological aggression by an intimate partner was reported by 48.4% of women,” which was found in the National Intimate Partner & Sexual Violence Survey (“Emotional Abuse in Intimate Relationships: The Role of Gender and Age”). Nearly half of the population of women report being victims to psychological abuse, making it a widespread epidemic faced by not only women in dystopian novels but also real life. Psychological abuse can take many verbal and non-verbal forms, which can put great strain on a woman’s health, and affects nearly half the population of the United States.
The title of this research article is not very expressive. The study population of college-aged women is concise however, the reader may initially experience a difficult time distinguishing the independent variable of dating violence victims, from the dependent variables of associated physical injury, healthcare usage and mental health symptoms. One may easily interpret healthcare usage as an intervention offered in this study, rather than one of the dependent variables. The reader is left to question the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables as the association is not clearly stated. This title does not communicate the research design as it fails to inform the reader that this was a quantitative, correlational design study.
Recently, an incredible amount of attention has been drawn to female survivors of intimate abuse. It appears though little attention has been paid to why so many women have been assaulted. With this in mind, I choose to take a closer look at how gendered violence functions in literature and in film. Furthermore, I wish to discuss how insecurity instigates aggression from male lead characters in Alfred Hitchcock’s “Vertigo” and Leo Tolstoy’s “The Kreutzer Sonata” as a lens for understanding the figurative sexual trauma that female lead characters experience in these works. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between men’s physical pleasure and women’s physical pain, I asked a main research question: How does aggression function
The idea of women being the inferior and submissive gender is no new concept, which has plagued humanity since ancient times. This dangerous concept consists of many traditional and outdated “gender roles” such as women are domestic, weak, powerless and inferior, and men are strong, heroic and dominant. –slide- Good morning/afternoon everyone, and thank you for inviting me to speak at todays “Equality for All” conference. I hope my presentation acts to educate and inform you all, and hopefully you will leave this room with a bit more insight into why twilight is not the perfect teen movie it has been presented as. –slide- Twilight, a popular mainstream “romance” movie, greatly enforces these harmful gender roles, unbeknown to many of its viewers
This cycle can negatively impact the author’s life and the reader’s life, whether they know it or not, because as they read or write harmfully gendered relationships, they subconsciously affirm the “truths” portrayed in the fiction and spread these beliefs to other readers. In other words, damaging gender roles appear right and natural, because they are so often depicted in the media as right and natural, with relationships healthy based on equality being rarely offered as the alternative. This makes heteronomrative gender roles a self-fulling prophecy—with people performing these stereotypes, because they are presented as the norm. If feminized male characters serve as the stand-in for the female reader, then fanfictions that depicts the “feminine” as mentally and physically less able than the “masculine” must contribute to this vicious cycle as well. In addition, the masculine gender role often exemplifies the type of behavior considered “natural” for men. In American culture, part of this “natural” masculine gender role assumes that men will be complicit ,if not actively participating, in patriarchal culture and the poisonous values often associated with it. The traditional masculine model is made to seem so “right” that men portraying this gender role, and the women reading about this gender role, are made to believe that the domination and exploitation of women, and even other men, is not just expected, but demanded (Carter 2011). Within the Hannibal fandom, this type
For the past century, feminist narratives have inspired existential viewpoints and movements that ignite social change. Writers have formed a foundation for societal progress, which has so far given the marginalized a voice, brought attention to discrimination, earned women a right to vote, and given female perspectives on issues. However, today’s narratives have been subtly deteriorating the progress of feminism, although hidden by distracting tropes such as the supernatural, science fiction, or horror. The popularity of such narratives has led to a disdainful and disrespectful view of feminism, as well as many feminist goals to be counteracted. A novel that exemplifies this, the Twilight Saga by Stephenie Meyer, has developed an enormous fan base who idealize traditional gender roles and feminine autonomy, romanticize abuse and emotional manipulation, and glamorize a static, incapable
According to sexology, sex is a foundational part of what it means to be human; it is as much a basic need as eating or sleeping (Connell 9/13). Because sex is highly prioritized in the human mind, creators of media often utilize sex to captivate audiences and advance their own agendas—after all, it has been proven sex sells. A notable example of a sex entertainment phenomenon is the novel-turned-film Fifty Shades of Grey. Despite its global success, the movie was largely criticized by sex scholars who expressed concern with the film’s glorification of abusive sexual relationships, exemplified by the two main characters. By examining Fifty Shades of Grey through the lens of a feminist sex theory, one can better understand the unhealthy ways in which the narrative surpasses the sexual eroticism and experimentation of BDSM, and creates a world in which sexual abuse and abasement is romanticized.
With the upcoming release of the second movie, (Fifty Shades Darker), the Fifty Shades of Grey trilogy has captivated viewers and readers and pushed boundaries on what sexual relationships can and should be. But, looking at the intensity and extremeness of some of Sadism and Masochism scenes in the books and movies evokes the question, How far is too far? The answer to this question differs extensively, across disciplines, societies, and ages, and countless opinions have been shared.
American popular culture of the Cold War period is associated with the ideas of non-conformity among those who do not possess much power in the society. As it can be seen from the Chapter 12 in Major Problems in American Popular Culture, the two groups associated with rebellion are teenagers/schoolchildren and young females. Clearly, these two cases are quite different, provided the concerns around the behaviours of school kids are mostly linked to delinquency, while young female popular culture is often criticised for the excessive sexual liberation. Nevertheless, increased interest in sex is also a concern for the critics of teenager popular culture, primarily, comic books that, in the views of many, promoted violence and sexuality.
I have never read a book from cover to cover, including school required books, and much less enjoying reading the book, until I was introduced to the 50 Shades Trilogy, E.L. James. These novels were interesting; after two weeks I had read the entire series and found a new love for reading. The 50 Shades Trilogy may have started my love for reading but it certainly did not end there. Next on the list was The Crossfire Novels, Silvia Day. Despite the disturbed personalities of characters, spontaneous erotic entertainment, emotional connections, and lack of stability within these relationships, erotica remains the top-selling sector of the book market today.
Magazines offer many opportunities for teenagers to consider and investigate their sexuality. In particular, sexuality advices and stories in magazines enables teenagers to understand personal sexual issues or problems that they might be having in a healthier light. Post-feminism attitudes have become very popular in teenage magazines for both male and female readers, this is partly because prior to the feminism movement women were never seen as having much sexual desire for men and women generally didn’t feel comfortable expressing their sexual attributes or sexuality. I will be examining three studies in this essay all by the same author ‘Sue Jackson’ involving textual analyses of problem pages, interviews with magazine staff and focus