Women 's Role During The Civil Rights Movement

This sporting event was a big deal to many because Bobby Riggs was a 55-year old former Wimbledon and U.S. Open champion, who in retirement became a tennis "hustler." He challenged the top female players in the world to matches and "bolted to national prominence with his blunt putdowns of women's tennis and the role of today's female," reported Mr. Amdur. Whereas Billie King, on the other hand, won 6 Wimbledon single championships and 4 U.S. Open titles. Billie King ended up defeating Bobby Riggs in "The Battle of the Sexes" tennis match. This led Billie King's victory to be the most energized sporting event in women's history. As stated in a New York Times article, "Though this match was more of a spectacle than a sporting event, it had enormous symbolic importance. Played just a year after the passage of "Title IX," an amendment to Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which among other things required that women be granted equal access to athletics by high schools and colleges, the match helped legitimize women's athletics and encouraged girls to take up sports."

Congress amended Title VII in 1978 by passing the Pregnancy Discrimination Act and made it clear that discrimination based on pregnancy is unlawful sex discrimination. This legislation reversed the Supreme Court's Gilbert decision in 1976. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1991 which overruled several Supreme Court decisions rendered in the 1980s that had made it more difficult for plaintiffs to prevail in their employment discrimination suits and to recover fees and costs when they won their lawsuits (www.eeoc.gov). The amendment stated that parties can request jury trials and those successful plaintiffs can recover compensatory and punitive damages in employment discrimination cases. This amendment has

United States Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos is working to overturn Title IX rulings made by the Obama administration and advocating for better representation for those accused of sexual assault and misconduct.

Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity (2015). Title IX covers 10 key areas including: education, athletics, careers, employment, learning environments, technology, sexual harassment, testing, Math and Science, and education for pregnant and parenting students (2016). The law was passed in 1972 (2016). One of the most striking figures of the Title IX movement was Billie Jean King. King was a renowned tennis player and huge advocate for gender equality (2013). Despite having to endure both private and public battles, she never gave up on fighting for what she believed in (2013). Although King is often seen as someone who fought for women’s right she continually points out that she was fighting for “equal opportunity for both boys and girls” (2013). Title IX mainly focuses on helping women and young girls gain gender equality in common places but it can affect men

But women's rights groups fought back. Four years later, over Reagan's veto, Congress passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988. This act nullified the effects of the Grove City v. Bell ruling by outlawing sex discrimination throughout an entire educational institution if any part of the institution received federal funding. In addition to the Act, the OCR publicly renewed its commitment to ending gender discrimination, calling Title IX a "top priority," and publishing a "Title IX Athletic Investigator's Manual" to strengthen enforcement procedures.

The Carter, Reagan, and George H. W. Bush administrations put a low priority on enforcing Title IX, and as a result, educational programs felt no real need to comply with the law (Anderson et al., 2006). When, in 1984, the Supreme Court ruled that Title IX was only applicable to the specific programs that directly received federal aid, athletic programs became legally exempt from compliance (Suggs, 2002). This situation lasted until 1988, when Congress, overriding a veto by President Reagan, enacted the Civil Rights Restoration Act. This law restored the broad interpretation of Title IX, in which Title IX applied to all programs or activities at institutions that received federal funds, whether or not a program was a direct recipient of these funds (U.S. Department of Justice,

     Title IX was passed by the U.S. Congress on June 23, 1972, and signed by

Title XI is a federal amendment educational law of 1972 that forbids sex and gender based discrimination in educational programs that received federal funding There are various types of discrimination such as gender based harassment, sexual misconduct and sexual violence. It applies to both men and women who are a member of the educational programs and activities at GCU.

TITLE VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 law was what many civil rights activists had been lobbying for over many years. Title VI was made to end segregation and discrimination on the basis of color, gender, and nationality for employment. However, education was not included in TITLE VI, which caused Dr. Bernice R. Sandler, a senior scholar at the Women’s Research and Education Institute in Washington, DC, to still have to fight for her job at the University of Maryland. Dr.

At the inception of the United States, women had portrayed as being in the background of history. It was written that it was men who dictated the direction this country went in, women were just another passenger. This is however a misconception as women have played an integral role in the creation of this nation and its direction. Women have had limited power and say at in the early period of the United States. Over the course of history more women had started to become more outspoken over the inequality.

The Equal Rights Amendment’s main focus previously was civil rights being denied based off of their sex. SInce the late 1900’s

In 1964 the Civil Rights Act bans discrimination in the workplace on the basis of race and sex. This also creates the Equal Opportunity Commission’s (EEOC) to look into complaints and enforce the law. The National Organization of Women (NOW) was founded in 1966 and was the largest women’s rights group in the United States. This group fought to end sexual discrimination in every aspect including the workplace. (Brenda, 1).

On March 22, 1972, the US Senate passed the Equal Rights Amendment, banning discrimination and segregation based on sex. On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed, stating that all persons born in the United States are considered citizens. There are many other laws and amendments that have been passed to show the fact that all men are created equal. People all across the world have been promoting equal rights for many years now, but we still see segregation everywhere. We have also seen segregation and discrimination in the books

Thankfully, Week’s did not give up fighting and ultimately won the law suit which opened doors for women today. I, along with many others, believed that Title Nine only made an impact for women in the field of collegiate sports, but the amendment not only impacts collegiate sports but also women in medical and law

LDER GENERATIONS (SPECIFICALLY THE CIVIL Rights generation) undeniably despise the vulgarity and language that is apparent in rap music. The degradation and forced submission of women to men for dominance, pleasure, and esteem is definitely a controversial topic within and outside of the culture. However, before anyone, including the older generations, begin to condemn Hip Hop culture; specifically the element of rap, one must also consider the historical issues, experiences, controversies, music, and people that existed before the Hip Hop generation began.