Women 's Role Norms Of Traditional Masculinity Ideology

Demographics and control variable. Participants reported sex, age, U. S. citizenship, ethnicity, and educational grade level.

The age of the participants are in the range from 18 to 61, with a average age of 36. Among these participants, 55% were white, 36% were black/African American, 5% were Native American, and 4% were another races.(Tull, 2012;Gratz, 2012;Coffey,2012 p.765) The majority of the participants were single, which is 70% of the participants. And 47% of the participants have a annual income below $10,000. With regard to their educational backgrounds, 27% did not complete high school or receive a GED, 35% had completed high school or received a GED, 39% had attended at least some college or technical school which 7% of them had successfully graduated.

The first part of the survey asks that participants report their age, gender, race, education level, political orientation, and country/region of primary citizenship. Age will be measured in years. Gender will be encoded as Male, Female, or Other. The race will be reported as one of the following responses: American Indian/Alaska Native, East Asian, South Asian, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White, More than one race, Other, and Unknown. Political

According to Brescoll et al. (2012), mention the issues men come across when trying to enter a feminized occupation like preschool education, or nursing. These occupations are viewed as less masculine, thus the penalty is being viewed as lower status individuals (Brescoll et al., 2012, p. 354). If we reflect on the norms of masculinity, our common understanding is that men are high achieving individuals that must sustain their family and most importantly their status within an organization is profoundly viewed upon. Brescol et Al (2011) puts forward that males, who work for gender deviant supervisors, are subordinate thus having a diminished status and respect to their gender identity. This is to say that within organizations there is an

Racial/ethnic variable was recoded into four broad categories (white, Black, Hispanic, and other); education into three categories (no high school, high school, some college or higer education); military rank status into three categories (officers, senior enlisted [E5-E9], and junior enlisted [E1-E4]); and years of service into three categories (< 1year, 2-3 years, and > 4 years). Based on US Census Bureau guidelines (Lavin, 1996), geographic census home region was classified in four regions (West, Midwest, Northeast, and South). All study variables with “unknown” or missing values were treated as missing data and excluded from analysis and reporting. The variables “country of birth” and “home zip code” were not considered for data analysis because the majority of the study population was born in the US and the first three digits of the home zip code is not useful for research

“Masc for masc” (masculine looking for masculine) and “straight acting” (not being seen as a stereotype and being able to be excepted by heterosexual men) are terms used by Gay men to classify the type of man they are looking for in a partner; actively rejecting and devaluing femininity and upholding the hegemonic view of masculinity. Therefor I am researching the “how do gay and straight Latinos construct their masculinity?” Straight men deem anything feminine as less than, thus gay men are ousted. This ousting of gay men is a byproduct of heterosexism in which a men only date women and vice versa, thus gay men are seen as effeminate for the sole reason of dating other men. In an attempt to reclaim their lost masculinity gay men are rejecting effeminate men in an attempt to be seen as “one of the good gays”. The traits of reclaiming what gay Latinos feel is lost is strongly tied to femiphobia, internalized homophobia, and toxic masculinity. Gay men want to be seen as “normal” and “just one of the guys” at the cost of their fellow gay men’s humanity and manhood. They want to be seen as the “good gay” which I define as a gay man that wants to be removed from the stereotype and behaves and present as “straight” I want to investigate how gay Latinos specifically construct their masculinity and if they are contracting it based on their straight counterparts. It is important to distinguish how important masculinity is to Latin men specifically gay Latinos and see if a

Men often receive harsher punishment for breaking gender roles and this may explain why men are more likely to reaffirm masculinity than women are to reaffirm femininity.

Throughout the world, countries and cultures are struggling with the idea of queer. The problem is that the United States and many countries live with the concept of patriarchy. Patriarchy is a social constructed structure to organize people to live in a gender binary society. The gender binary is the constructed gender roles that men and women are expected to do in which it affects the everyday lives of queers and it doesn’t allow them to freely express who they truly are. Historically, white heterosexual males and heterosexual families are the ideal model and are those in higher power.

This section will ask participants for basic demographic questions such their gender, age, level of education, and race/ethnicity. Then the section will ask more specific questions, asking them to describe their place of residence with a number of options and how long they have lived in that place of residence.

Firstly, one of the aspects of gender role is the distinction of roles based on masculinity and femininity or sex and gender. Before Blanche’s arrival, for Stanley being the masculine and the head of the house who is in absolute control and Stela being the woman of the house who takes care of the house: their relationship was happily as both know their part and were comfortable with it. As a motif, Stanley brings the food symbolizing that he is the man of the house and Stella cooks the food that Stanley provides and in this simplicity, their role is clear and defined. As Stanley and Stella conversing;

I learned how the traditional perceptions of masculinity and femininity are restricting to both sexes, but in different ways. Men are told to stay inside their man box, but doing so would make them sacrifice important human qualities, like emotion expression, sensitivity, and empathy. Because masculine men are supposed to be strong and have no weak emotions, men are constantly pressured to be tough in order to validate themselves. On the other hand, femininity devalues women to subordinate and inferior roles to men. This makes strong, independent women seem like anomalies since women are supposed to be weak damsels in distress. This is important to me because having grown up as a tom boy who loves sports and being active, I occasionally felt dejected for not being more “lady-like” like the other girls around me. However, the faulty, sexist natures of masculinity and femininity has taught me to appreciate myself more for my strong, athletic self.

The term ‘masculinity’ connotes certain attributes that are associated with men. In today’s postmodern world gender theorists prefer the more fluid term ‘masculinities’ because male attributes change throughout “space and time” (Reeser 2). Discourse shows that “masculinity is a fabrication or a construct of a given historical cultural context” (ibid.).

How is gender and gender roles socially constructed? Soulliere states that gender is a cultural creation that is frequently developed by and represented through popular cultural media such as advertisements, music, sports, and entertainment television (Soulliere 2006). The article “Wrestling with Masculinity: Messages about Manhood in the WWE” by Danielle M. Soulliere (2006), examines messages about manhood revealed by televised professional wrestling (Soulliere 1). Messages concerning masculinity and manhood were investigated and compared to the cultural version of masculinity (Soulliere 2006). Soulliere’s research proves that the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) depicts messages, which supports the dominant hegemonic form of masculinity (Soulliere 2006). To further grasp and understand Soulliere’s hypothesis, we must first examine her research methods and outcomes.

Female misogyny in the workplace is the phenomenon of intra-gender misogyny amongst women. These negative relationships within the female gender have been found to exist empirically and anecdotally between women on the same level, directed upwards within and organization and directed downwards from management to junior levels or potential employees (Mavin, 2006a; Sheppard & Aquino, 2014; Ely, 1994).

There are many existing literatures on women and weightlifting. This research will be focusing on how hegemonic masculinity has set ideas of gender roles and how these women challenge the social discourse that they face being a muscular or look ‘manly’.