Women's Roles in Hiean Court of Medieval Japan

gender role. The Lady’s role questions traditional presumptions of the roles of women in medieval literature. Women of the Middle Ages were generally dependent, inferior, and many female portraits in medieval texts did not fare better. While men of the Middle Ages were generally chivalry, valiance, noble and honest. Throughout the poem I began to see gender roles being reversed between Lady Bertilak and Sir Gawain.

In the traditional culture, women’s education was limited to learning domestic skills, they used to be in charge of the house, their job was to keep clean the house, take care of the children, prepare the food, and many other things. Also they were subordinate to the authority of their parents first, and their husbands later, so for example women could not go out of the house without their concern. Their difference was huge, as we can see in “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” when the knight rapped that woman. In like manner we observe men superiority in Mallam Sile’s story

The role of tradition within religion in medieval Japanese society was of great significance. Shinto and Zen Buddhism were two of the major religions practiced in medieval Japan. Shinto was mainly concerned with daily life, while Zen Buddhism prepared the people for the life to come. The samurai also followed an important code called Bushido, a form of warrior philosophy. The ancient Japanese religions helped people understand the universe and also provided a connection between the physical world on earth and the spiritual world.

The major periods that shaped Japan’s history and future were the Heian-era of Aristocracy and the Kamakura period of Samurai. The Heian-era and the Kamakura period are interesting because of their differences in social structure, tradition, and culture. In the Heian era, the aristocrat’s social class was sought by many because of their social and cultural status. When the warrior rise in the Kamakura age the social classes change dramatically between aristocrat and warrior. The Heian-era (794-1191) was an age of self development in Japan’s culture and tradition. Before the Heian-era, Japan

In the sixteenth century the role of women in society was very limited. Women were generally stereotyped as housewives and mothers. They were to be married, living their life providing for her husband and children. The patriarchal values of the Elizabethan times regarded women as the weaker sex.’ Men were considered the dominant gender and were treated with the utmost respect by females. Women were mainly restricted within the confines of their homes and were not allowed to go school or to university, but they could be educated at home by private tutors. Men were said to be the ones to provide for their families financially. Women were often seen as not intelligent. Property could not be titled in the name of a female within the family. Legally everything the female had belonged to her husband. Poor and middle class wives were kept very busy but rich women were not idle either. In a big house they had to organize and supervise the servants.

During the Song Dynasty (960–1279) in Ancient China, the gender in which a person was born as, changed their whole path of life. Their role in society, their education, their power in the household were very different depending on if they were male or female. A typical female had much less power compared to a man; they were considered the inferior gender. It was unfair, and to an extend, cruel, the way that women were treated compared to a man, but during that time in China, it was so normal that no one questioned it. The roles that each gender held were rigid, quite different, and clearly not equal. As China gained power during this time and became more powerful, women were greatly downgraded by men because men were thought to be the ones

starts of with the emperor. The emperor is at the top with his family. The emperor is an important religious figure, he swapped lands swapped land with nobles exchange for their support for he couldn't handle all the land far far away from him. In the shogunate period the emperor didn't have much power for the shoguns had basically controlled the government.

The various female characters in the novel have no real power of their own and were controlled by the male figures in their lives. This is most evident in the prevalence and acceptability of polygynous marriage at the imperial court. Genji’s father has several concubines, one of which is his mother. Genji’s mother, Lady Kiritsubo, is of relatively low rank and lacks any political influence at court despite being favored by the Emperor. The reason behind her lack of influence is that she lacks parental support at court. Her father, a Grand Counselor, is dead and her mother cannot provide political support. The fact that Lady Kiritsubo has no political influence despite her mother being alive and potentially being able to support her demonstrates that, on their own, women have no political power and that this must be derived by the men in their lives. In addition to deriving their influence from men, women at the imperial court are judged primarily for their physical appearance. This is illustrated by the fact that Emperor Kiritsubo remembers most fondly about Lady Kiritsubo is her appearance. He is so fixated on her appearance that following her death, it stated that he could not forget her and “summoned various women who might console him, but apparently it was too much to ask in this world for one who even resembled her” (p. 21). Interestingly, the woman he finally takes as a wife and consort, Lady Fujitsubo, bears a striking resemblance

Therefore, because of women's role as child-bearers, women in the Heian times were considered to have quite an important role to play in politics. As Richard Bowring puts it, women were regarded as ‘vital pawns', where their purpose was to deliver a boy to inherit the power and legacy of the family 8. In this sense, the Empress has a large amount of power. However, regardless of a women's position, there is always a male with a higher position – her father, the emperor etc. Even so, this is not to say that men are not dependent on women. This inescapable cycle of life and men's dependency on women is what grants women their power within the court.

Women's lives, roles, and statuses changed over various early world history eras and culture areas in many ways. Ancient Persia, Paleolithic, Athens, Mesopotamian and Roman eras were all different in very unique ways. The Paleolithic era treated women fairly and were treated equally. During the Neolithic era women were not treated fairly. She was the daughter of her father or the wife of her husband. Women rarely acted as individuals outside the context of their families. Those who did so were usually royalty or the wives of men who had power and status.” (oi.uchicago.edu, 2010) Athenian women were not treated fairly

This is evident in the way that women were referred to in conversation as they were called aste (city woman) rather than the feminine form of citizen which was politis (Just 1989: 21). Furthermore, women's subservient status is also demonstrated in the common practice during formal speech of specifying women by their relationships with men. Wives remained in the house for the majority of the time and did not perform strenuous activity as the procreation of a son was all-important (http//:www.perseus.tufts.edu/classes/JKp.html). Another example of the inferior status of women is the fact that adultery was a more serious crime than rape as it

3. Women are expected to serve men submissively. They are like flowers...beautiful, fragile and they have no choice in who comes along and picks them. Women were used for entertainment and satisfaction. The book seemed to basically revolve around Genji's relationships with women.

Women were often treated differently according to status. Women of different status often hated each other and became jealous of each other. In The Tale of Genji, women of the court hated Kiritsubo because the emperor loved her the most--even though Kiritsubo was in a lower position than those women. There were many problems concerning marriage during this era.

Before examining particular societies, the general notions of patriarchy must be established. Generally, women were considered inferior to men, but each facet of society provides a distinctive insight into gender roles. A fundamental difference between the two genders was that the responsibility of a man was to be a member of the public, whereas the responsibility of a woman was to be in the home. Social norms defined men as “rulers, warriors, scholars, and heads of households” (Ways of the World 59). Even if a man had little

To start, In chapter 2 of The Tale of Genji, Tō no Chūjō, the “Chief Left Equerry”, the “Fujiwara Aide of Ceremonies”, and Genji have a conversation about the “ideal” woman and the several kinds of women