World Civ Quiz

The Dutch may have very well looked for spices in Portuguese land as a form of retribution for embargoing the Dutch. The Dutch may have also looked in Portuguese land because they thought it was not as well as defended or it had easier shipping routes. All three of these reasons were the potential thought process going through minds of the Dutch rulers at the time. Nearly seven years after the Spanish had embargoed trade between the Dutch and the Portuguese, Steven van der Hagen conquered the fortress Victoria at Amboyna. This fortress had previously been a trade center for the Portuguese spice trade, but after it was captured by Steven van der Hagen in 1605, the spice trade once again resumed. Once the Dutch had captured fort Victoria, they began to attempt to set up a local monopsony. To set up a monopsony, all trade competitors had to be removed and there could only be one buyer for all of the spice sellers. It was quite evident when the Dutch East India Company captured the fort that setting up a monopsony would be quite difficult especially when considering other major competitors such as the East India Company. The only way this would be possible was by force which is where the rift and future rivalry began between the two companies. At this same very time the East India Company had just been formed in 1600 after multiple

As stated in Paul Freedman’s, Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination, “The passion for spices underlies the beginning of the European colonial enterprise, a force that remade the demography, politics, culture, economy, and ecology of the entire globe” (Freedman 3). By the mid- fifteenth century, the Silk Road was deteriorating, leaving the world with the solid grasp on trading, as well as supply and demand. Every country and area had developed their “trade mark” and had adequate understanding on the process of trading. At this time, European’s still had many mysteries they were trying to solve, regarding demography, politics, culture, economy, and ecology, as Freedman mentioned. Spices gave European’s the gateway they needed to unlock many new ideas. This new desired commodity enabled European’s to think “outside the box,” which resulted in a multitude of uses for spices, which made them an even more luxurious item. According to Freedman, “Of all the world’s commodities, spices most dramatically affected history because they launched Europe on the path to eventual overseas conquest, a conquest whose success and failure affects every aspect of contemporary world politics” (3). Freedman exhibits here that spices not only affected Europe, but the whole world as well. Spices intertwined Europe with the rest of the world. Because spices were a undiscovered product by most of the world, it was a mystery on how they should be used, and what they should be used with.

During the exploration of the New World Portugal, France, and Spain had one thing in common to search for new resources such as sugar, spices, and gold. The European arrival in the Americas set a new era off known as the Columbian Exchange which changed the America’s forever. Native Americans introduced the Europeans to several new crops such as corn, squash, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes. Portugal set off for a search for sea route to Asia, while in competition with Spain who was also seeking an active root to Asia as well. The French exploration occurred later after the “New World” was found, and their target was to find a Northwest Passage where they hoped for a route through North America to the pacific.

1: In the mid 15th century, European nations started to desire power, wealth, and resources. Because of this, they formulated motives to find quicker routes to the far east to trade for valuable luxuries, such as spices and silks. These products were in high demand Europe, and could sell at incredibly high prices. They were named luxuries for a reason though, as they had to travel thousands of miles through heated deserts and violent seas. Understandably, the merchants of Europe wanted to find an easier way to Asia. However, due to prevailing winds on the west coast of Africa, a voyage down the African coast would be a one way trip. This problem was later solved with the invention of Caravel, a ship that could make the journey back home against

Trade was also a significant motivation for Europeans to “colonize territories across the seas”. Trade was one of the most effective ways to improve the economy for the Europeans, and a significant way

It remained under the rule of Visigoth until Islam’s arrival via the Moors in 711 CE. From being the westernmost part of the Roman Empire to western-most part of the Islamic empire. They created one of the longest and lasting maritime empires in history after their Reconquista in 1250 and made a treaty of Ayllon with Castile to continue the Crusade against Muslims and regain the spoils of war from the port. Portugal found a sea route to India onwards Asia. They build trading post and forts. They defeated Goa in India and set a foothold in Asia. They colonized Brazil in 1530 so that they can defend it. Their ulterior motive was to divide Brazil into 15 capitanias so that enough wealth to support a settlement

Be able to describe the East African trading centers PRIOR to the arrival of the Portuguese.

* 10. The system of royal monopoly control of colonies and their trade as practiced by Spain and Portugal in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries proved to be inefficient and

1. Before Francisco Pizarro began the Spanish conquest in 1532, the Incan empire dominated the Andes Mountain region. An emperor who demanded strict obedience ruled the land. All business was run by the state, which could draft citizens for its projects. The Inca, terracing the landscape and irrigating the crops, farmed the mountainsides. The Inca were brilliant engineers, whose roadways included bridges. The city of Machu Picchu is an example of their skill with tools like the plumb bob and wooden roller, which they used for in heavy construction. Hundreds of years after their civilization was subdued by the Spanish, the descendants of the once-dominate Incas make up about 50 percent of Peru’s population.

1. What is made possible by the agglomeration of people, services, and goods in a city that is not possible, or far more difficult, in rural areas?

The work of the Portuguese in Africa was far from complete. They continued setting up trading stations spanning across the west coast of Africa, still with the intention of finding gold.

Europeans to enslave them. The British West Indies and the French thrived off of the sale of

In the book The Indian Ocean in World History, according to Dr. Milo Kearney the Indian Ocean played a key role in the rise and domination of many state’s and region’s economic standing. Dr. Kearney informs readers about how the influence of the Indian Ocean has been underestimated or completely ignored of other states and regions. However, he confirms, “Indian Ocean trade has always been a major indicator of a state’s or region’s prominence and leadership from a global perspective.” Throughout history, trade on the Indian Ocean had in turn helped the state or region’s success. Dr. Kearney gives an example of the effect of Indian Ocean trade by explaining its role in Portugal`s economic success in the 1500s. He also elaborates on the concept

By the mid-sixteenth century, Portugal had succeeded in establishing a sugar economy in parts of the colony's northeastern coast. Sugar production, the first large-scale colonial agricultural enterprise, was made possible by a series of favorable conditions. Portugal had the agricultural and manufacturing know-how from its

Within the development of Europe, one would think that religion and politics played the key roles in shaping the regions, in which they did, but many individuals don’t realize the true impact of the role spices played in the evolution of the economy and expansion of Europe. Food alone represented a vast field of human experience and shaped peoples’ beliefs and values, aesthetics and most importantly their social attitudes toward one another. Spices contributed to these attitudes, providing a potential window for the individual to change their understanding of the political and social life of certain cultures and nations. The main question that the author, Paul Freedman poses within the text is, why did the Europeans and the Romans before