World Theory And Wallerstein's Stages Of Social And Economic Development

Growth to Self-Sustaining Economic Development. Rostow puts forward that there is a short time span between take off (stage 2) and maturity (stage 3) when a country becomes

Underdevelopment can also be, and has been, understood as a reflection or product of the economic, social, political and cultural characteristics of said country. Yet with a look at history we see that the underdevelopment of a “satellite” nation can be traced directly back to the past and current economic relations the nation has held with developed “metropoles”. This relationship between a metropolitan and satellite countries pertains back to the process and development of the world capitalist system, which benefits its Western

According to the core-periphery model, where are the richest nations in the world mostly located?

The reader must understand that development is not easily defined within comparative politics. The concept of development is complex and can not be explained as simply as black and white. “For example would you say an oil-rich country such as Saudi Arabia is experiencing development if its economy is growing rapidly but nearly all of the benefits of the growth are going to a small number of elite? Would you say that a country is developing if people are

The concept of the developmental state has been crucial to the economic growth in East Asia. Combining Berger’s analysis on developmental state theory and Kalinowski’s investigation into VOCs (varieties of Capitalism), it can be seen that looking at developmental states through a structuralist lens helps to deconstruct the economic outcomes seen in East Asia. Through Berger’s in-depth analysis of developmental state theorist perspectives, it can be established that understanding the history, rise and fall of the developmental state theory is essential in understanding the capitalist transformation that has taken place in East Asia.

Finally, one more internal situation to consider is the effect of a rapidly spreading world economy on a developing country. An urban-rural split in the 1960s Cambodia, was a consequence of joining the global market. As the urban economy developed, an urban aristocracy emerged which was tied to the cities and disconnected from the peasants.

These types of countries are not necessarily ‘not developed’, they just have different customs, cultural differences or they could be nomadic (farming based) or an indigenous population, as described above. Maps of the globe are produced to show levels of world development based on three key features; wealth, social advantage and deprivation. An imaginary line can be seen around the world which separates the ‘developed’ countries and the ‘non developed’ countries. This line is called the Brandt line. It is a modern day method of measuring development.

For post-development theorists such as Esteva or Escobar, development is socially constructed and based in a western economic structure and in the power relationships between developed and developing countries, with a clear domination of the first ones (Escobar p.18, Esteva & Prakash, 1998b, p. 175-182). Positivists claim that development can only be sustained and attained by industrialization, which is achieved through human

For the core country, the people transform raw materials into consumers goods with the use of modern technology and large amount of capital. Core country can be called as “production or economic center” (Wallerstein, 1974). In semi-periphery country or developing country, this country is like buffer zone between the core and pheriphery country. This country being exploited by the core while the country also exploit the periphery country (Sorinel, 2010). For periphery country, the

A nation can develop to prosperity or under develop to devastation. Modernization theory and dependency theory are competing strategies of how to lead a country towards development. Modernization theory contends free enterprise and international trade are two elements that lead toward positive development. Modernization causes a gradual differentiation and specialization of social and political structures that makes democracy possible. In opposition to modernization theory is dependency theory which states capitalistic countries of the north dominate the global economy. The countries that dominate the world economy are known as the “core” while the nations they allegedly exploit are referred to as the “periphery.”

Development is defined as “the process of change operating over time- the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer’’. The modern 20th century defines development as” the process of change which allows all the basic needs of a region to be met, thereby achieving greater social justice and quality of life and encouraging people to fulfill their potential’’. Todaro defines development as “the process of improving the quality of all human lives through raising people’s living standards, their incomes, consumption levels of food, medical services, education, raising people’s self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions that promote dignity and respect and increasing people’s

In order to understand the term ‘developmental state’, it is necessary to focus on a number of characteristics of a developmental state. Summaries can be referred to the main empirical findings of previous literatures such as Öniş (1991), Wade (1992), Polidano (2001), Huff et al. (2001), Kenny and Williams (2001), and Beeson (2014). Generally, its main factors could be summarised in the following ways:

Though some such as Marx have found a way to work between the differing types tension is present between theorizers of these various camps as they struggle to find balance. Sometimes a theory may require more than one approach in order to see it fully developed and realized and it is in this process that the types overlap (Seidman 2013: 3-5).

Two theories of Globalisation that explain it relatively effectively are Immanuel Wallerstein 's World-Systems theory and John W. Meyer 's World Polity Theory. Contrary to the tendency of classical sociologists to focus on society within the nation-state, World-systems theory portrays nation-states as units within the larger world system. Wallerstein described the “world System” as an international class system based on countries as units instead of individual people. He thought there are three main categories of countries, the core, semi-periphery and periphery. The Core countries have much greater control over the means of production and capital and are thus much wealthier, whilst the periphery counrtries are exploited for their resources and cheap labour. Such a system perpetuates socio-economic inequality, however the system is somewhat dynamic and states can gradually shift between categories. This system allows certain countries to achieve hegemony over the others, in this manner the United States dominated the globe in the 20th Century. World-Polity theory was developed in response to the world systems theory. In this explanation the world has a global culture or “global polity” that greatly influences how nation-states, international organisations and individual people are formed and evolve. The global polity helps define the purpose, identity, behaviour and nature of these social units. The concept of a nation-state itself is only a relatively new concept introduced

He pointed out that different economic levels have their own requirements and they may not follow the same process of industrialization. Moreover, he raised the most influential theory related to late industrialization that the economically backward states may have rapider growth rate as they are late comers, and the national development process relied on the degree of economic backwardness. That is to say the more backward a country, the faster it will advance (ibid).