preview

World War I: A Total War

Decent Essays

It has often been argued that the First World War was an example of a total war. In order to understand whether World War I was a total war for the British Empire it is necessary to first define what a total war is. According to the Oxford Dictionary total war can be defined as, “A war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.” From this definition two important characteristics of total war can be seen. First, a total war will be fought without restrictions on the weapons used. This utilization of weapons will ignore previous laws and agreements concerning the use of weapons. Second, a total war will ignore the …show more content…

This characteristic of total war is best exemplified by the British use of chemical weapons throughout the First World War, particularly the use of poison gases. The use of poison gases was deemed ethically troubling on the battlefield even before they were first weaponized. This can be seen in the Hague Convention of 1899 which banned the use of “projectiles with the sole object to spread asphyxiating poisonous gases.” The main cause of this distaste likely relates to the terrifying nature of chemical gas attacks. In the words of Palazzo, “war gases kill by denying their victims the ability to breathe, a violation of man’s most essential and instinctive functions.” This distaste for the weapons did not last long in the face of the First World War however. The German’s were the first nation to engage in chemical warfare, but the other nations quickly joined in on the use of chemical weapons. The British first attempted to utilize gas weapons at the Battle of Loos in 1915, but the result was an abysmal failure for the British forces. Despite this failure the British continued to develop their chemical weapons capabilities. These weapons became an important component of artillery barrages on all sides of the battlefield. The utilization of these weapons, which had been banned in the Hague Convention of 1899 is a clear example of the British willingness to utilize any weapon system available to them that would maximize their chances at winning the war. This is a clear indication that the First World War was a total War for the

Get Access