World War II: Cryptography

The sheer military power of the United States, and their appearance in the war, both had a major impact on the outcome of the war, striking fear into the opposing military forces. America was and has always been a very wealthy and large economy with an abundant supply of resources. This gave America the ability to mass-produce war machines such as planes and tanks to give them a large advantage over the Axis Powers. The US had an over-supply of war vehicles, which were later shared with Britain and France, providing a huge advantage over the Axis Powers. According to Historynotes, over “10 million American soldiers were ready to be deployed to help fight against the Axis Powers”. This statement clearly proves just how much military power America had over their opponents put together. German and Italian spies were reporting back to their country about the dramatic

Another man who devoted many years of his life to studying the stone was Jean-Francois Champollion. After many years of perseverance, Champollion finally translated the stone in 1822. He accomplished this feat by first recognizing that hieroglyphs were not symbols, but instead were associated with phonetics, as Thomas Young had proved. (Andrews 166) His first major breakthrough in his studies was in 1808, when he resolved those fifteen signs of the demotic script related with alphabetic letters from the Coptic language. From this he concluded that Coptic language must be based on the remnants of the last of the ancient Egyptian language, and written with the Greek alphabet, which is why it was readable to Champollion and other scholars researching the stone. Also, that the hieroglyphic text was a translation of the Greek, not the reverse, as had been previously believed. By 1818, Champollion had successfully concluded that though some signs were basically ideograms, many of the glyphs had phonetic value, meaning the ancient Egyptian script was at least partially alphabetic. (Giblin 83) He came to this conclusion after referring back to three other different forms of Egyptian writing and also using Coptic as a reference. Recognizing the name 'Ptolemy' and 'Cleopatra' in the Greek and demotic sections of the stone allowed him to identify those same names in hieroglyphics. Still wondering, he didn't think that hieroglyphs were

The ancient Egyptians created a form of communication by creating symbols that were put together into words, called hieroglyphs. They represented both objects and ideas, and were enscripted and carved on walls of temples and pyramids, usually made by the pharaoh to show laws, rules, or announcements. This type of writing held secret messages, and was hard to decode. The hieroglyphic system used in ancient Egypt had around 750 basic symbols, called glyphs. At first they used picture writing, and the pictures represented an object, pictograms, but later the pictures represented ideas, known as ideograms. At last, the pictures represented both objects and ideas, but also the sound of a word. Each picture was formed by a unique sound and image.

What role did Allied codebreakers have in the outcome of World War II? Though cryptography did not decide the outcome of World War II, it was very successful in shortening the war. In the Pacific theatre, the Americans broke several codes, including the PURPLE and JN25 codes. Though they were unable to anticipate the Pearl Harbor attack, codebreaking did benefit the Americans at the Battle of Midway and with the assassination of Yamamoto. In Europe, the Allies worked together against Germany to break the ENIGMA naval code, allowing the Allies to maintain superiority in the Battle of the Atlantic. Breaking the Japanese and German codes allowed the Allies to gain an advantage in both theatres, bringing about a resolution to the war. From World

The factors that made the Allied victory happen include the Germans beginning to effectively organize industrial production at the very least six months too late to give them a chance at victory. By the time they got the production to be swiftly working on weapons such as fighter planes, the Allies were in firm enough control of the air space. This meant that the Allied bombing prevented the German economy from reaching it’s full potential. Another flaw in the German production meant that tanks such as Tigers and Panthers, of which dominated tactical situations on the battlefield, had logistical and maintenance nightmares. If the Germans were to overcome their problems in production then it would have stood them in much greater stead, giving them an advantage over the Allies.

One of the main reasons the Germans were so successful with Blitzkrieg warfare was because Blitzkrieg warfare utilized all of the modern technologies to its

After Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States joined the Allies and became a crucial element to an Allied victory. Though strategy was initially aimed at crushing Hitler and the Nazis, Allied forces persevered for years on different continents, with different leaders, and with varied objectives. Eventually, anything was being said, done, or invented in order to lessen the strength of the opposing forces - not just Germany. Many of the Allies’ attacks, particularly those led and carried out by the Americans, became turning points which helped to determine victory.

On September 1, 1939, Nazi Germany began what would be later known as World War Two. After the Axis invasion in China and in parts of Europe during World War Two, the Allies began to push back. One way the Allies pushed the Axis back was the Allies were going through Africa to the boot toe of Italy to capture Italy. Another way the Allies fought back began on D-Day when America and Britain pushed their way into France from Britain and at the same time, the USSR had been fighting the Nazis and began to take back their land pushing toward Germany. The final way the Allies kept the Axis reign to a minimum was the battles in the Pacific Ocean and the Surrounding countries. Then America would “island hop” to get

The situation changed constantly, with one side or the other gaining advantage, as new weapons, tactics, counter-measures, and equipment were developed by both sides. The Allies gradually gained the upper hand, overcoming German surface raiders by the end of 1942 (withdrawn on Hitler 's orders) and defeating the U-boats by mid-1943, though losses to U-boats continued to war 's end.

World War II was one of the greatest historical events for many countries of the world in the twentieth century. For America, this war was associated with involvement into confrontation with Japan, Italy and Germany, starting from the attack on Pearl Harbor in1941. In 1937, the U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his speech, devoted to the beginning of World War II and declared that his country would maintain official neutrality. During this period America supplied the Soviet Union, China and Britain with war materials on the basis of the Lend-Lease Act, which was signed in spring 1941. It is most important that America aimed at limiting Japanese aggression in Asia-Pacific and introduced also economic sanctions on Japan, which started from the passing of the Export Control Act in 1940. Such policy resulted in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the involvement of America into World War II, which was a serious turning point for America.

For hundreds of years, the history of Ancient Egypt remained a mystery to the world. Besides the pyramids, the most baffling secret was unlocking the code of the Rosetta Stone. The finding of this stone proved the key to deciphering the mystery to the Egyptian hieroglyphs. At the time of this discovery, they never imagined it would be one of the greatest discoveries in history.

World War II was one of the worst wars regarding loss of human life, but the creativity and hard work of American and Allied scientists and soldiers led to many important technological advancements in weaponry that helped the United States and the Allies win the war. World War II started with a demonstration of how technology was superior when the Nazi Panzer tank divisions crushed Polish brigades of horse cavalry when Germany invaded Poland. The German Blitzkrieg, or lightning war, became the strategy used by the Germans to utilize armored tank divisions supported by air support to rapidly defeat enemy forces across Europe. As the war progressed, the German air force began to raid England, bombing many of its major cities. While the war raged

n ancient egypt they would use hieroglyphics to write down what they did and what is their history .Hieroglyphics were first discovered by the “rosetta stone”. The rosetta stone was discovered by french soldiers in 1799 near the harbor at the coast of egypt .It had took twenty year to be able to translate the stone with three kind of egyptian writing on it. Only scribes can write , because they went to scribe school then they learned to write .

The scientists Young, believed that cartouches expressed royal or religious names and that most cartouches might be spelt phonetically. He accepted that some cartouches were spelt phonetically where they represent foreign names. Whereas, Champollion, the decipherer of the Egyptian hieroglyphsm ignored young's proposal at the beginning, included that the foreign names in the cartouches were non-phonetic. Then he changed his mind, because first, the way pictographic symbols were combined with no discernible regard for their apparent meanings. Second, that fact that the Chinese script with thousands of signs contains phonetic elements. Last, it struck him that there were more than 66 different signs among the 1419 hieroglyphs characters, each one a logogram representing a different word on the Rosetta stone. He accepted that the hieroglyphs were a mixture of phonetic signs and logograms. Young discovered parts of an alphabet "a key", but Champollion unlocked an entire language. Nowadays, the challenge for Egyptologists is to interpret the full cultural meaning contained in the hieroglyphic

Since the beginning of western civilization, Egypt's sought out ways to adequately express their ideas, beliefs, feelings, and experiences with others in society. In 3100BEC Egyptians created a form of symbols that utilized images known as hieroglyphics. Each picture had a specific meaning, which one symbol alone failed to relay. No matter where you are if you take a moment to observe the environment or even the device in your hand it becomes apparent that we convey the most important messages through symbols. That said, this paper is meant to provide a lucid insight to how Egypt's overcame their illiteracy barrier, explain why Egyptian symbols were so intricate, how images were symbols in itself, discuss their three primary symbols and meaning, and whether the US displays Egypt symbolism.