Nina Lukach
Professor Mark Brandon
World History I
May 3, 2015
Final Essay
Ibn Battuta is considered to be one of the greatest travelers of all time. He was born in Morocco and come from Berber descent. Ibn Battuta visited a majority of the Islam world, as well as the developing civilizations surrounding the Islamic cities (Dunn, Ross, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta,1986, 159). He learned a lot about the Islamic religion and those who follow it during his travels. The Islamic culture is an attractive civilization with global appeal because Muslims uphold traditions from the beginning of time, tolerate diversity, and are respectful, generous, and obedient. Islamic people understand and emphasize the importance of practicing and
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This is a very old tradition that has been practiced even before the establishment of Islamic religion (Battuta, Ibn, “Travels in Mali,” in Kevin Reilly, Readings in World Civilizations, 1992, 313). The muslims that Battuta had encounters with in Mali continued to uphold this tradition. The residents of the city of Shafia were both peaceful and religious. Both the men and women of this city memorized the Koran to uphold the Islamic tradition (Translated by Samuel Lee, The Travels of Ibn Battuta, 2009, 165). Ibn Battuta had many encounters with Islamic people throughout his travels that proved they were accepting of people from different nations. “The Rihla explains: The king of India ... makes a practice of honoring strangers and showing affection to them and singling them out for governorships or high dignities of state.” (Dunn, Ross, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, 1986, 179). Going out of your way to make someone feel welcome is a very admirable quality. Although the kings employees, ministers, officials, and relatives through marriage were not all Islamic, they were still considered honorable (Dunn, Ross, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, 1986, 179). Traders of many different nations were encouraged and diversity was accepted by the rulers of the Golden Horde (Dunn, Ross, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, 1986, 161). Ibn Battuta was welcomed by a vast number of generous rulers throughout his journeys. When he arrived in Hali, he was
The significance of the republic policies were great, they brought a lot of growth in the 20’s allowing the market to strive over lots of trading and the purchase of shares, but was also an unstable market, as the government had no control over what it did and was left up to the
6. What specific actions did Hammurabi take in his attempt to provide for the good order of society and the basic welfare of his subjects?
merchants and trade from the religions origins’ origins until about 1500. Are there indications of
2. The purpose of missionary work can be to convert people to Christianity. However, it causes political controvesary and confcit.
Geography played a big role in determining the political units and economic institutions of Mediterranean society. The mountains interspersed throughout the Greek peninsula led to regionalism in the form of city-states. This was a departure from the centralized government of China. The fact that civilization developed along a peninsula also shaped Mediterranean culture. The ocean provided some protection from invaders and allowed for the advancement of trade.
1. Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. The evidence of burial grounds, stone tools, and other items shows a general migration path of humans out of Africa, and support the theory that these groups were nomadic hunters and foragers. Early humans were mobile and could adapt to different geographical settings from savannah to Ice Age tundra. Anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian.
Historians have learned a great deal about the Crusades from chroniclers like William of Tyre and Ibn al-Qalanisi. Today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts. Reporters and world leaders use social media outlets like Twitter and Facebook to connect with the public. Imagine what we might know had there been access to television, cell phones, and social media in the 13th century.
1. Consider how Baldric presents Pope Urban's reasons for calling for this holy war. If order of presentation and emphasis mean anything, what was, according to our chronicler, the pope's chief motive?
Different classical civilizations often stressed similar values and issues. Classical civilizations were all constantly trying to unify their people to form a shared culture. They also tried to expand their empires. They would try to unify people through politics, religion, and philosophy. They promoted a common language and social structures for people to follow. Classical civilizations used many methods involving integration and expansion in their empire.
A brief summary of his life is paramount in the understanding of Battuta’s impressions and reactions to West African society. Abu Abdallah ibn Battuta was born in Morocco in 1304. By 1325, Battuta embarked on his first hajj, or pilgrimage to the holiest Islamic city of Mecca at age twenty-one (Hamdun, King, p. 1). Although expected to complete this religious duty at least once in his or
The two historical documents, Narrative of Lavinia Bell written by an anonymous author in the Montreal Gazette and the Letter to an English Abolitionist by James Henry Hammond, shared their strong opinions on the important issue of slavery. These documents were written in the 1800’s during an era of progressive changes. One can identify similarities and many differences in their opinions, motives, and goals for their writings. I believe Bell’s account was written to show the perspective of slaves’ brutal view, compared to Hammond’s letter justifying slavery and the rights of the slaveholders.
Set in the Fourteenth century in different regions of Africa and Asia, The Adventures of Ibn Battuta presents a precise representation of Ibn Battuta’s rihla , exemplifying a clear distinction between the different countries and regions he visited. Ibn Battuta began his journey by setting off from his home Tangier, Morocco to Mecca. “I braced my resolution to quit all my dear ones, female and male, and forsook my home as birds forsake their nests” (Dunn 69), as the much older Ibn Battuta wrote in his book of travels. During his travels by foot, donkey, camel and boat Ibn Battuta had visited almost all of the known Islamic world and more to pursue his ambition for knowledge and experience. This
During the incidents with other cultures that Herodotus and Ibn Fadlan discovered in the Black Sea Region, the perspectives and confrontations differ from each author. Along with the differentiation, there are similarities of interest both share with other cultures. The cultures Herodotus and Ibn Fadlan experiences during youth produced a bias that affected the understandings of the encounters throughout their travels. As ethnographers, furthermore depicters of the cultures they encounter, it is their responsibility to transcribe an unbiased book on the world and its cultures.
Ibn Battuta was born during the time of the Marinid dynasty who ruled Morocco at the time. Following his family's tradition
World History in Context, written by David Christian (2003), questions the context of world history as well as the complexity of human history and the societies with which they live. In Christian’s article he argues that looking at world history in its global context, rather than one specific moment in history, is the way it is intended to be interpreted and allows historians to recognize reoccurring patterns and themes. World history is meant to be an unbiased account of only one specific species, humans (Christian 2003, 437-438). Historians often struggle with this challenging topic and tend to produce works extremely biased, usually towards stable ‘western civilizations’ and