Wound Healing: A Complex Biological Process

Wound management is one of the cornerstones for nursing care however, effective wound care extends far beyond the application of the wound itself. Nurses may be required to assess, plan, implement, and evaluate wound care; therefore, order to fill these roles it’s critical to have an understanding of the several different areas of wound care such as, integumentary system, classification of wounds, wound procedures, and documentation. Knowledge in each of these areas will allow nurses to make well informed decisions about wound care, and as a result play an active part in wound healing.

On assessment, the wound was slightly exudates, odour, sloughs and dry skin patches on the surroundings. Sprakes (2010) state that, holistic assessment of patient and the wound are essential in order to facilitate the wound healing process. Ousey and McIntosh (2010) points out that, chronic wounds are exacerbated by a sequence of misdiagnosis, neglect, incompetence or inappropriate treatment strategies. I observed that, M’s wound was with exudates and sloughs; this

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

I can relate to one of the points in your discussion. I work in a small community hospital in the Wound Healing Clinic. We are an outpatient addition to the hospital. We have one nurse who has the primary responsibility of the acute admissions wound care. Last year we were bought by a large health systems. Recently, we were informed that we, the Wound Center, are held responsible if a patient has a hospital acquired pressure ulcer (HAPU). As part of this new directive we were also informed that prevalence rounds were to be done weekly. This is what you described your facility does once a month. These changes place responsibility for care which our staff does not even provide, moreover the changes were never discussed with our clinical coordinator.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Integra is a synthetic wound dressing frequently used to treat burn wounds (Figure 5). It is a bilayer composed of bovine tendon collagen glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin-6-sulphate) cross-linked to it, onto which a silicone (synthetic polysiloxane polymer) membrane is sealed to the upper surface to act as a protective temporary epidermis. The silicone layer is applied as a liquid monomer; curing occurs on the surface of the collagen at room temperature. It serves to control moisture loss from the wound. Water flux across this silicone membrane is the same as that across normal epidermis. The collagen-GAG matrix contains pores ranging from 70 to 200 µm that are invaded by host fibroblasts upon application to an excised wound bed. The pore size was carefully designed by adjusting the collagen-GAG mixture. In GAG-free collagen, the resulting structure was more closed than in collagen-GAG matrices. Smaller pores can delay, or even prevent, biointegration, whereas larger pores would provide an insufficient attachment area for invading host cells. Freeze-drying procedures followed by slow sublimation are used to control pore size too. The degradation rate of 30 days of the collagen-GAG sponge is controlled by glutaraldehyde-induced cross-links. The polypeptide collagen is used for its low levels of antigenicity (it has minimal rejection potential) and because it exerts a hemostatic effect on vascular wounds. Collagen is already found in skin. It is degraded by collagenase deposited

This leads to the second portion of the background, which identifies why the topic is of concern and how the study can provide a solution. For instance, the specific purpose of the study is to evaluate whether multiple application of collagen nonwoven on wounds, is effective (Shiefer, J.L & Rath, R, 2016). The report did include the two purposes previously mentioned. However, as a reader there where some areas that the authors could have elaborated more on; for example, there was incomplete information of medical terms, that could aid in the reader’s understanding of the problems. Aside from that the authors’ presented an overall good health concern topic, that although complex wounds are not that common according to the statistics they presented, they can be very serious. The introduction was well organized and gave the reader a brief overview of the health

In light of how incredible our body is to be able to regenerate quickly for most, that is not what happens for others. Many diseases or large body wounds can take years to make it through one stage. Some may not ever heal. Wounds such as diabetic, venous stasis, ischemic, or pressure ulcers have a lack of blood flow making it almost impossible for them to heal naturally (Cutroneo, 2008). Large area burn victims also fall into this category. Their body is trying to compensate for fluid loss and maintain homeostasis, but wound healing ends up being very difficult to do on their own (Jacobsen, 2005). Many attempts are used to heal these including gene therapy, hydrotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and topical antibiotics to just name a few. There are many courses of therapy to heal these wounds, and some work better than others depending on the wound and person.

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Chen and Dragoo (2013) argue that minimal information exists concerning the administration of NSAIDs after injury and surgery. They point out that tissue healing needs many physiological routes. The authors restate that injuries like high tibial osteotomies and bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction necessitate bone-union, whereas rotator cuff repairs, and labral repairs, and hamstring ACL surgeries rely on soft tissue-to-bone therapy. The authors pointed out that soft tissue healing is needed for extensive injuries like MCL tears and subsequent meniscal and Achilles tendon reconstructions (Chen & Dragoo, 2013). The administration of NSAIDs in orthopedic operation is contentious and a topic of ongoing

While reading chapter one of the book “Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice” (2014), I developed interest on the physical symptoms suggestive of malnutrition. According to Susan G. Dudek a nursing diagnosis has to be based on a patient first nutritional assessment (p.9-11). Dudek stated in her book the four steps of a nutritional care process in which assessment is the primary stage of this concept. However, since the word assessment incorporates the patients physical findings, poor or delayed wound sores can be determine by the inadequate malnutrition of a human being (2014).

In order to achieve an effective healing of a wound, an appropriate material must be used to cover the wound to prevent any infection. Due to new techniques, a wound dressing material is expected to have very satisfactory properties in enhancing a healing of a wound. The wound healing time, wound type, mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the dressing must be taken into account when designing an effective wound dressing (Zahedi, Rezaeian, Ranaei-Siadat, Jafari & Supaphol, 2009). When choosing a suitable wound dress, there are several factors that must be taken into consideration, such as creating an effective bacterial barrier, having no toxic or irritant particles, protecting periwound area, producing as minimal pain as possible

At the same time when it comes to skin wound it takes longer time to heal but it’s tends to recur which is known as a chronic wound. This will happen when you have a deep injury, surgery – incision which is making a cut during the surgery. There is lots of barrier during this healing process for example dead skin and foreign material can interfere with the healing process. Then poor diet can also affect this because our body needs good nutrients to heal the wound properly and also it takes more time to heal the wound for elderly people. Then it is always important to clean the wound, and then this should be done very gently and also clean it when you have a shower. Dressing is another important part of healing the wound. Then make sure don’t

Mechanisms involved in wound healing and heart function are essential for the survival of mammalian species. The treatment of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial tissue regeneration remains poorly understood. Mesenchymal stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into various tissue types, including hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and neuronal development, as well as endothelial progenitor cells. In addition to its multipotent capability, the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) can secrete and supply a large amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Tang J et al., 2009). This response can be overexpressed, resulting in tumor formation. The stromal-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) plays an important

The skin or cutaneous membrane covers the external surface of the body. Skin contributes in thermoregulation, serve as water repellant, and synthesize a number of useful compounds like vitamin D and most importantly it act as a protective barrier between the external environment and internal tissue [1]. According to medical dictionary, breaching of skin or underlying tissue due to any accident, act of violence or surgery is called as wound [2]. Following an injury, the skin has a tremendous capacity to heal. When skin get injured, the repair process entails removal of the damaged tissue and laying down of a new extracellular matrix (ECM) over which epidermal continuity can be reestablished [3]. To promote wound repair and regeneration,