Wound Healing Essay

Cytokines, like histamine and leukotrienes, are secreted by damaged cells in Dave’s ankle. How do these cytokines

In the body, occurrences happen to where our bodies find ways to heal itself when indiscriminant things take place. When the body senses an infection or damage tissue leukocyte diapedesis occurs and serves an s a personal repair system. Leukocyte diapedesis is when leukocytes migrate out of the circulatory system and into the location of infection or tissue damage. This operation is a fragment of the innate immune response. This involves the drafting of leukocytes that are not due to any known cause. In order for the leukocytes to flow through the vascular endothelial (lines the entire circulatory system, from the heart to the smallest capillaries), leukocytes must be recruited from the circulation into tissue.

The following assignment will take the form of a case study. The subject is a 79-year-old sikh gentleman, who will be known as patient X. Patient X only speaks English as his second language. Patient X has developed a wound on his right hip after being admitted a few days previously, after suffering from a stroke. Patient X has a history of a mild stroke and has slow mobility and uses the aid of a frame to mobilise. Patient X is obese, a heavy smoker and now

The team members had provided safety and comfort to their clients and followed good nursing practice. They identified their clients, and followed proper hand hygiene and used gloves to avoid contamination. They provided each room with the needed supplies, which made their work more efficient. They labelled all the bottles and sprays they used in caring the wound, and used all the equipment properly. They provided privacy to their clients by always closing the door during the entire wound care period. The team members were focused on client’s goals and understood how their role contributes to the achievement of those goals. They understood what needs to be accomplished and have the resources needed to be successful. They also encouraged each other to work for the common good. And most of all, they were all very nice and accommodating to me, which made my experience a good one.

The process of wound assessment requires accurate and appropriate interventions while dealing with the patients. There are some major components which the operator must consider to effectively access an infection, and they require a range of skills and knowledge. These factors are the knowledge of relevant anatomy and physiology, the understanding of the various factors that accelerate wound growth, and the ability to listen and understand the patient’s needs. In wound accessing, the doctor should have an idea concerning the number and location of wounds, the required treatments depending on the type of infection, the type of wound in accordance to various grading given, and the procedures to follow to achieve the treatment

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

In the UK, there are 200,000 patients, who have slow healing wounds, which costs National Health Services £2.3-£3.1 billions per year and it reduces patients’ quality of life and mobility (Posnett & Franks, 2008). In addition, patients may have sleeping difficulties due to painful wound (Posnett & Franks, 2008). Patients may become depressed, isolated and have impaired body image due pain and embarrassment of unpleasant wound odour (Santy, 2008).

The organs that make up the lymphatic and immune system are the tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm. B cells are created from stem cells, which are located in the bone marrow. B cells respond to antigens by becoming plasma cells. These plasma cells then create antibodies. Memory B cells produce a stronger response with the next exposure to the antigen. B cells fight off infection and bacteria while T cells defend against viruses and cancer cells. A hormone created by the thymus gland called thymosin changes lymphocytes into T cells. The thymus gland is active when you are a child and slowly shrinks, as you get older. T cells bind to the antigens on the cells and directly attack them. T cells secrete lymphokines that increase T cell production and directly kill cells with antigens. There are three types of T cells: cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells.

The inflammation reaction to a skin cut is beneficial. When we have a skin cut or a trauma to the skin. Inflammation is a mechanism of defense; the body will release chemicals like histamine to promote capillary permeability and will increase the number of white blood cells to fight pathogens. This process will lead to healing the wound.

They are known as T- Lymphocytes and B-Lymphocytes. B-cells are usually distinguished with humoral immunity because b-cells circulate freely through the lymph system. Whereas T-cells are distinguished by humoral immune response because they act with antigens within other cells. Once these lymphocyte have been produced with the help of bone marrow stromal cells (which are a type of stem cell that is present in red bone marrow) they are released into the blood stream where they travel up to the thymus, and other lymphoid organs. When B-cells, also known as memory cells, leave the bone marrow, they become activated (true b-cells) This process involves the addition of a membrane protein known as immunoglobin M. (IgM) This membrane protein acts a receptor for antigens. Therefore they can said to be the binding site for antibodies. Once an antigen attaches itself to IgM receptor, a signal transduction pathway occurs through tails that descend down into the cells cytoplasm causing them to release antibodies. The second cell type, T-cells, are produced in the bone marrow, through the the same way B-cells are produced. The only difference is they mature in the thymus. This occurs because they undergo genetic recombination of their alpha

In the words of Anthony Atala, from TEDMED talk of 2009, “Wouldn’t it be great if our bodies could regenerate? Wouldn’t it be great if we could actually harness the power of our bodies to actually heal ourselves?” (Atala). Most creatures on earth can do some sort of regeneration. For example, humans can regenerate skin after a paper cut by creating a layer of fibrous protein called collagen or scar tissue topped off with a layer of skin (Green). In contrast, members of the Caudata taxon, an order of Amphibia including salamanders, do not form scar tissue which makes them eligible for regrowth. According to Hank Green of SciShow:

The differential healing rates among three mice in a group may result from individual variation within each mouse. For example, the immune system of one mouse, that accounts for 2 data points, may promote faster healing for an unexamined reason. With a single mouse’s wounds constituting one-third of the data, individual variability easily obscures the true cause for accelerated healing and prevents generalization of the results to conclude the differences are due to C3 inhibition.

According to Walker and Avant (1995), concept analysis allows nursing to examine the attributes or

We mere mortals do not possess livers with quite so vigorous a regenerative capacity, but the legend captures well the remarkable potential of the body to rebuild itself. Throughout our lives we sustain less gruesome injuries from which we recover spontaneously, often without realizing we were hurt. Wound healing involves the recruitment and proliferation of cells capable of restoring tissues and even organs to their original form and function. These cells must retain a collective memory of the complex developmental process by which the tissue was first constructed.

The neutrophils are attracted by fibronectine and growth factors which leads to them performing their role of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis allows the neutrophils to engulf all the debris and bacteria that are in and surround the site therefore getting rid of foreign particles and allow a clean environment for the inflammation to being to happen. As a result of the phagocytosis happening this then leads to macrophages replacing neutrophils which come from immature monocytes which are stored in spleen, they secrete growth factors and cytokines which lead onto the next phase of the healing response which is the proliferation phase (Frederic H. Martni, Judi L. Natch, Edwin F. Bartholomew, 2014).