Wound Healing

The outer most layer of the skin or Epidermis contains stratified squamous, keratinized, epithelial tissue; which lacks blood vessels, and the cells are packed closely together (Sloane, 1994, p.85)

Stechmiller, J. K. (2010). Understanding the Role of Nutrition and Wound Healing. Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 25(1), 61-68. doi:10.1177/0884533609358997

Describe the series of events that occur in skin, which is healing with the help of a skin graft?

On assessment, the wound was slightly exudates, odour, sloughs and dry skin patches on the surroundings. Sprakes (2010) state that, holistic assessment of patient and the wound are essential in order to facilitate the wound healing process. Ousey and McIntosh (2010) points out that, chronic wounds are exacerbated by a sequence of misdiagnosis, neglect, incompetence or inappropriate treatment strategies. I observed that, M’s wound was with exudates and sloughs; this

Skin repair is an important physiological process which is essential for homeostasis, restoring barrier function and preventing infection (Martin, 2009; Boateng and Catanzano, 2015). Wound healing is defined as a complex, dynamic and the specific biological process associated with the phenomena of tissue regeneration and growth (Mazumder et al., 2016). Regeneration can be defined as a tissue that significantly damaged either completely or partially removed and tissue's original function and cell types must be functional and structurally restored (Mazumder et al., 2016). The process of healing comprises a cytokine, blood cells, extracellular matrix and growth factor (Joao De Masi et al., 2016). The growth factor is a protein that activates and

In the UK, there are 200,000 patients, who have slow healing wounds, which costs National Health Services £2.3-£3.1 billions per year and it reduces patients’ quality of life and mobility (Posnett & Franks, 2008). In addition, patients may have sleeping difficulties due to painful wound (Posnett & Franks, 2008). Patients may become depressed, isolated and have impaired body image due pain and embarrassment of unpleasant wound odour (Santy, 2008).

The first couple of paragraphs include an explanation of what is considered a complex wound and the current available treatments. It is beneficial that the authors include an explanation of what the problem is so that the reader can have a better understanding of why this issue is of concern. The paragraphs then transition towards the types of treatments available for the problem and a description of why the current treatments are not sufficient for restorative care.

In light of how incredible our body is to be able to regenerate quickly for most, that is not what happens for others. Many diseases or large body wounds can take years to make it through one stage. Some may not ever heal. Wounds such as diabetic, venous stasis, ischemic, or pressure ulcers have a lack of blood flow making it almost impossible for them to heal naturally (Cutroneo, 2008). Large area burn victims also fall into this category. Their body is trying to compensate for fluid loss and maintain homeostasis, but wound healing ends up being very difficult to do on their own (Jacobsen, 2005). Many attempts are used to heal these including gene therapy, hydrotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and topical antibiotics to just name a few. There are many courses of therapy to heal these wounds, and some work better than others depending on the wound and person.

To test for wound healing, excision wounds were created on THE exposed mice. The wound tissues were collected at various time intervals for 14 days after the injury. Looking at RNA concentration and using a spectrophotometer, the changes of expression level between exposed and non-exposed wound tissue were compared.

Pressure ulcers have four different types of stages in which stage one consists of skin with non-blanchable erythema. Stage two is the partial damage to skin loss including a blister. Stage three is the full thickness tissue loss whereas subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible and lastly, stage four consists of full thickness loss with bones, tendons, or muscles exposed. On the other hand, the normal process of wound healing also consists of four phases. The first phase of wound healing is the homeostasis (blood clotting), this is when in the first few minutes of many platelets in the blood starts sticking to the injury, second phase is the inflammation phase, in which the body response to the injury. Third stage is the proliferation which is the growth of new tissues. And lastly, the remodeling phase which is the final phase when the wound has closed. It’s the remodeling of the collagen, this phase can last for almost a year or

A breakage in the normal arrangement of the cells with or without damage resulting in impairment or functional loss is termed as wound. The nurses and physical therapists play a critical role in wound care management and is effective as it helps in reducing the amputation rates and minimizes the related complications and expenditure. Standardized protocols are needed to provide best healthcare and practices (Health Service Executive, 2009). The potential of different solutions and techniques in wound cleaning and preventing the spread of infection is still debated (Fernandez, 2007). Normal saline is mostly used for cleaning wounds, as it is isotonic in nature and does not interfere in the healing

Rafail et al. examine the role effects of the complement system, a division of the immune system, on the wound healing process in miceexcisional cutaneou. The study focused focuses on the third (C3) and fifth (C5) main components of the complement system believed to mediate the inflammatory responsetwo., C3 and C , The experimenters induceThe C3-/- mice, lacking the third component of the complement system, exhibited smaller wound surface areas compared to C3 +/+ mice. The authors suggest the decreased inflammatory response and the increased presence of mast cells and α-SMA+ vessels indicate the development of new vasculature and account for the improved wound healing rates in C3-/- mice. Mice lacking C5 similarly exhibited increased

Measure of this concept is based on the stages of wound healing and the Centers of Disease Control

begins with damage of capillaries, triggering the formation of a blood clot consisting of fibrin and fibronectin. This provisional matrix fills in the lesion and allows a variety of recruited cells to migrate into the lesion. Platelets present in the blood clot release multiple chemokines, which partici- pate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, but also in chemotaxis and recruitment of fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

The healing of wounds—particularly chronic wounds—is currently an important area of research. With more than 6.5 million patients in the United States dealing with chronic wounds, and $25 billion spent yearly on treatments (Sen et al, 2009), a better understanding of the wound healing process is beneficial to a wide range of patients dealing with wounds related to accidents, burns, and disease processes. It has been suggested that therapeutic strategies to promote wound healing might focus on immune system modulation (Julier, 2017). The overall progression of a healing wound involves multiple types of cells, cellular processes, and growth factors (Strbo, 2014). However, significant contributions come from the response of the innate