Write An Essay On Puertarnalis

During the day, the squid bury itself in sand or muddy area near sea grass beds. Besides that, it forms camouflage by gluing sand grain to its body. Night, they emerge to feed. A type of bioluminescence sea creature. It will emit light from their ventral surface. The light emitted is adjusted to match the intensity of moonlight. Collaboration of Hawaiian bobtail squid's eyes and extraocular vesicle use to monitor the down-welling light via silhouette reduction. This behaviour called as counter-illumination. Thus, the squid can adjust the intensity of bioluminescence as it moves to various depth by modifying the ink sac, which function as a diaphragm around the

They appeared at about the same time as the ammonites. The two groups have some anatomical and developmental traits in common that set them apart from the nautiluses, but they are much different. Ammonites relied on their shells for defense as well as buoyancy while coleoids had internal shells that they did not use for defense. Some coleoid groups have also discarded the shell as a buoyancy aid. Seen in Figure 3, Octopuses, and their close relatives, the vampyromorphs, have lost their shells independently. The squids have shells that no longer provide buoyancy but unlike octopuses, the squids kept their shell for support

Vampire squids can use bioluminescent bacteria to protect itself from predators by confusing them with lights shining in different direction so they are unable to locate where the creature is exactly. These bioluminescence can also be used to see slightly better in the very dark or locate other of its kind to communicate with. Some other animal with unique defense methods include armadillos, which roll up into a ball protecting themselves with their hard outside, or even skunks, that will spray any predators with noxious musk to defend themselves.

Creatures that live in the Benthic Zone have zero light, because of this they produce their own. The light that these creatures produce are called ‘Bioluminescence.’ The bioluminescence is important to these creatures because they use in their day-to-day lives. The more common anglerfish uses its glowing angling structure as a lure to attract smaller fish to come closer so it can eat them. While the anglerfish uses the luminescence to attract prey, other creatures use it to protect themselves. One creature in particular spits out the luminescence to blind and stun the attacker long enough for it to get away. Not only is bioluminescence good for attracting prey and for a self-defense mechanism but some creatures use it as a way to attract mates.

Aquatic species are full of interesting physiological designs, from gills to adaptive skin, they have learned to adjust to their environment in order to have optimal survival. When it comes to physiological adaptations, camouflage proves impressive. Organisms from many different species utilize camouflage in order to maximize survival: owls, geckos, fish to name a few. However, cephalopod mollusks such as an octopus utilize camouflage as their primary defense against predators. The reliance on mimicry displays how refined and detailed the mechanism to camouflage is, otherwise the success of the species would not be where it is today. By utilizing visual acuity and specialized skin, octopi are able

The goal of my project was to learn the language that my grandma and my dad's side of my family speaks called Papiamentu so that i could communicate with my grandma, grandpa, great aunt, and the rest of my dad's side of the family that speaks papiamentu because there accents are so strong and english is their second language it's hard to understand them at times so we end up not having the best conversation because i really don't know what they are saying especially my grandma when she calls for my birthday and other special dates and holidays like christmas, new year's, and thanksgiving. Also another goal i was hoping to achieve was to learn about how Papiamentu was created, and more about my grandma and my dad's side of my family's background. Most/ rarely anybody knows about papiamentu being a language that

Many bivalves are infauna organisms where they burry deeply more than 30 cm and live as permanent burrows where they will move deeper as they grow larger (Gosling, 2003). Although most of them are burrowing organisms, there is also group that live permanently attached on the surface or known as epifauna and epibenthos is groups that live in association with seafloor but also swim temporarily above it (Huber, 2013). Bivalve possess two halves of the mantle that are fused around the edges, with openings anteriorly for the foot and posteriorly for the exhalant opening where the water will expelled from the pallial cavity (Bunje, 2001) as shown in Figure 2.1. In addition, within this posteriorly is also located the inhalant opening that carried

Dr. Widder said, “He did a lot of the theoretical mathematics to show what was needed to be transparent.” The see-through animals that Dr. Johnsen brought up from the ocean, showed that 20 to 90 percent of the light passed through the animals undisturbed. “You could read a book through these animals,” he said. The article explains many different types of transparent creatures of the ocean and how this knowledge could have practical applications. The article also explains mirrored fish and counterillumination. Steven Haddock, a scientist at the Monterey bay Aquarium Research Institute in Moss Landing, California, studied counterillumination in a laboratory. In his laboratory experiment he laid beneath a transparent tank in a dimly lit laboratory with a midshipman fish swimming in the tank. “I couldn’t see the fish against the background when it turned on its special belly lights,” he said. Dr. Haddock explains that the creatures employing counterillumination are very careful to make sure all the light they produce goes downward. “They don’t want light leaking out to the side and making them vulnerable, so they have lenses, mirrors and filters on their photophores,” Dr. Haddock said. The article explains that some creatures of the ocean use these techniques to hide from predators and some use these techniques to lure

Therefore, there are two major challenges that organisms living in this zone would face had they not evolved with the proper adaptations. One problem is that there is scarce light that penetrates this zone, making it difficult for animals to avoid predators. A trait that many organisms bear to solve this issue is being bioluminescent. Bioluminescence is the ability for an organism to produce light via the reaction of chemicals. Bioluminescence is an example of a convergent trait as it is a common trait that evolved independently among different animals who must adapt to similar environments. Therefore the development of these same features are not due to a common ancestor but rather a result of their shared environment. One way is that animals generate light through specialized organs called photophores and the other way is that they are able to host bacteria that harvest light through functional sacs that illuminate. The bioluminescent ostracod, a small crustacean, exhibits this trait by secreting a trail of glowing dots as it swims through the Gulf of California. The female bolitaenid harbors a bioluminescent ring surrounding its mouth as a tactic to lure male mating partners. The Johnson Black Anglerfish emits a glow from its head to invite prey. The lantern fish resides primarily in the Red Sea and utilizes photophores on the ventral side of its stomach as well as a light on its nasal

Phylum Echinodermata consists of organisms that are invertebrate, thus they lack a backbone and have a simplistic circulatory system, but their respiratory system is versatile with the variety of organs, such as gills (as seen the sea star), tracheas, skin, and book lungs (Hsia 2013). Since Phylum Chordata is more complex than Echinodermata, Chordata has a variety of organs in their organ systems, such as the skin and muscles in the circulatory and respiratory systems (Shu 2003). In order to completely analyze the circulatory and respiratory systems in the phylums Echinodermata and Chordata, organism from each phylum can be thoroughly dissected to expose entire organs and to allow manipulation of the organs. To execute this experiment, several

Sexual reproduction is when sperm fertilizes a female’s ovum, different steps occur afterwards. An ovum is the female reproductive cell. The egg cell is typically not capable of movement, and is much larger than the motile sperm cells. The common area to reproduce for this species is in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Mating seasons are September-June (Mediterranean Sea ) and June-August ( Black Sea ). Eggs can be carried for different amounts of time, the max amount of time recorded was two months. The male will fertilize the female’s ovum and both parents will then leave. Two to three days later the eggs will hatch in batches of 50,000-60,000 with a diameter of 1.5mm. As they hatch they will automatically migrate Northwards and stay together in a school and travel together until predators or their individual selves decide

Consequently, society has become exceedingly critical and judgmental of life and matter beyond its boundaries, often confronting the misunderstood. In spite of their vulnerability to human nature, invertebrates boast an impressive 97% of all animal species on Earth, surpassing its counterpart, vertebrates, by nearly 33 times in terms of population. The 7 divisions that form this queer, yet powerful union are known as phyla, and include the orders Coelenterata, Annelida, Porifera, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Platyhelminthes. While all invertebrate species share some common characteristics and behaviors, each is unique and different to its own extent. Furthermore, invertebrate paleontologists have concluded through their studies of fossil evidence that the history of these spectacular creatures is just as impressive- One thing to remember: Not even the Tyrannosaurus Rex was as

The article written by Hamers (2017) provides newly found scientific evidence about the way pearlside survive in dark environments in the deep sea and the brighter environment at the surface. The researcher explains that fish contain light-sensitive cells as well as rods and cones in the retina for responding to light vision, which is different to the species living in dark environments. The pearlside has always confused the scientists and researchers who failed to understand how the fish has been able to survive in both the depth of the ocean, as well as along the surface. The research has unearthed that the pearlside fish has only -cones that are highly sensitive even to small light waves. The researcher found that this type of fish uses

In the Animalia kingdom, many different phylum emerged over a long period of time due to evolution. Each phylum exhibit different characteristics which the multicellular animals have developed to adapt to the environment for survival. Examples are such as developing the ability to move from water to land and from land to water, apart from being sessile. There are also developmental structures of the animals to allow them to adapt for survival, like having exoskeletons or internal skeletal structures for support, skin for protection, muscles for locomotion, nervous system for senses and digestive systems for digesting complex food (Farabee, 2007). It is said that organisms without cephalisation are able to survive in oceans filled with planktons. Organisms without cephalisation from the ocean are mainly from phylum Porifera (a.k.a. sponges) and phylum Cnidaria.

The article explains how octopuses can detect light and change the colors from their skin. It also mentions the comparisons of opsins in cuttlefish and octopuses. I am able to use the analysis of Todd H. Oakley, a biologist at the University of California, as support and reliable research for chromatophores. I can use Roger T. Hanlon and Todd H. Oakley’s research for my essay on the part of explaining how camouflage works.