Wurundjeri Tribe

In the Ulladulla area the Budawang Tribe inhabited the Conjola, Lake George to Moruya, the Budawang tribe spoke Dhurga, which is an Aboriginal language spoken from Jervis Bay to Wallaga Lake. The Aboriginal tribal group from Jervis Bay to Twofold Bay was Yuin. Captain Cook first sighted the Budawang Tribe on the shores of Murramarang at Koorbrua Beach in 1770, yet the earliest settlers for the area were in 1828 in the Ulladulla Harbour. (C. Dunn, 2000).

A government surveyor drew a line separating the Wallowa Valley. The Nez Perce objected. The Nez Perce claimed, “the Indians who signed the new treaty were the leaders of other bands and had no right to give up land that was not even theirs” (Williams & Youngs, 5). This is how the Non-Treaty came about. Soon the whites and Indians fought over the land and Indians were killed, one that was best friend with Joseph, he felt like he was is brother. Burial was granted to bury the Indian in the valley by General Howard.

The City of Boroondara acknowledges the people of the Kulin Nation as Traditional Owners of the land of Boroondara. Today, two community organisations represent the interests of Indigenous people in Boroondara and the Eastern Metropolitan Region. They are the Wurundjeri Land Tribe and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council Inc. (Wurundjeri Council) and the Inner East Local Indigenous Network (LIN). The Wurundjeri people are recognised as the Traditional Owners of land in the northern area of Boroondara. The Wurundjeri Council represents the Wurundjeri people and is the key contact for activities occurring in the northern area that can only be performed by Traditional Owners. The Inner East LIN is an Indigenous community organisation representing the interests of Indigenous people in Boroondara and the Eastern Metropolitan Region.

The Wurundjeri Willum clan speak the Woi wurrung language. The Woi wurrung is one of the many language groups that make up the Kulin Nation, whose people shared the same religion and language, and lived in what is now metropolitan and greater Melbourne.

The Wurundjeri tribe today under the, Wurrundjeri Tribe Land Compensation and Cultural Heritage Council, established in 1985 by the direct descendants, aims to raise awareness of their culture and history through the statutory roles under the Commonwealth and Victorian Legislation. Many of the descendants of Elder Bebejan through his daughter Annie, along with elders would attend events that occur in their area, in bringing the past to the present and re-creating a sense of ‘belonging’ and preserving the Wurundjeri tribes history, culture and traditions.

The Yurok tribe, although mostly assimilated in present times, has continued to thrive and protect their culture. The Yurok tribe has endured a sordid history. The tribe has suffered great atrocities at the hands of western culture. The Yurok went from being a thriving people, to being assimilated, almost to the point of ethnocide, (Kottak) and finally forced to live in a small area that was once a part of their vast ancestral land. The Yurok people have strived up until the present to keep their culture alive. In this essay I will be discussing what the Yurok tribe is like today, what problems they face politically and socially, and what the tribe is doing to combat these issues.

The first settlers came in 1837. There are twelve known Aboriginal sites in the City of Boroondara; two are Aboriginal historic places and ten are archaeological sites. There are two local community groups that support the rights of the Indigenous people. They are the Wurundjeri Land Tribe and the Compensation Cultural Heritage Council. They assist in managing cultural sites, education and training and cultural events. ( Wurundjeri Tribe, Aboriginal Cultural Heritage work, Land Management, Cultural and

The indigenous people that used to call the Noosa Shire home were part of the Gubbi Gubbi or Kabi Kabi people. The exact number of indigenous population is unknown but from accounts from explorers and journalists in the 1860s say there were several hundred aboriginals living on the Noosa waterways. The Gubbi Gubbi tribe visited the Noosa area for 40 000 years before the first Europeans arrived in the 1800s. The Aborigines lived as far north as Fraser Island, south to Pumicestone Passage and west to Conondale and Blackall Ranges. This region is a sacred retreat used for celebrations like the annual Bunya Nut Festival.

The campaign educates the smoker who is trying to quick with advice which will give them a clear understanding on how their health is at risk and the consequences that it will have

Tobacco has and still is the most important public health issue faced in Australia and internationally. (Jochelson, 2006). Many countries such as North America, England, Australia, Canada and Ireland have introduced policies regarding smoking in public areas and restriction of smoking in indoor areas. (Thomson, Wilson & Edwards, 2009). The government, community leaders and policy makers work towards introducing policies that will stop consumers from smoking in public areas. (Pizacani, maher, Rohde, Drach & Stark, 2012). Government intervention should extend public smoking bans so that second hand smokers can be safe, a better environment and less death incidents relating to smoking.

In the United States, smoking cigarettes is the number one preventable cause of morbidity and death (Bergen, 1999), and accounts for $300 Billion in health care costs and economic productivity loss (Jamal, 2015). While the national smoking rate is 16.8% (CDC, 2016), specific demographics are more susceptible to developing smoking habits: people who live below the poverty line (10.9% higher), disabled or with a limitation (6.2% higher), and males (4.7% higher) (Agaku, 2014).

According to the Australian Government Department of Health website (2013), The National Tobacco Campaign (NTC) is a nationally recognised health promotion movement (provided under the organisation QuitNow Australia and launched by the Australian Department of Health and Ageing in 2011) aimed at providing smokers with the appropriate motivation and support aimed at achieving adequate behaviour change regarding addictive (tobacco use) behaviours (Department of Health and Ageing, 2012). It is also considered the highest evaluated national health promotion campaign in Australia due to its accomplished rates in producing successful behaviour change, the ability

Action on Smoking and Health (ASH, 2007; Richardson (2001) argued that manual groups are likely to smoke heavier than the managerial groups and stated likely reason for this such as food insecurity, substitute for food, social environment, segregation and pressure, lack of good health and lack of confidence. In addition to this, epidemiology statistics reported by Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC, 2013 and Wanless, 2004) stated that smoking is more prevalent among the lower socio-economic groups and known to be key part of the disparities in life expectation between manual and non-manual groups. Therefore it is important something is done to eradicate inequality in the health of the general population.

The tobacco industry kills more people in North America from Monday to Thursday of each week than the terrorists murdered in total on September 11, 2001. That sounds unrealistic, doesn’t it? Well, smoking is an epidemic that affects us all, whether you are a smoker or you aren’t. In order to stop this epidemic, we need to

Smoking is hazardous to health, doctors, nurses and others in the health industry are plays an important role to help smokers to quit themselves from this bad habit (New Straits Times 2007, p.11). Even though the government is very aggressive in approaching the “Tak Nak” campaign, but yet Malaysians still maintain