Ww201 Reflection

Domestic violence against women is prevalent in almost all the societies in the world. It is an issue which was not even recognised as a crime 40 years ago and is still not recognized as a crime by many societies. Women suffer from violence, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological violence by strangers and their partners all over the world (Kaya, 2010). Even though it is a worldwide occurrence, there are some women who face more intense and frequent violence depending on their culture, country, religion,

In Australia, the patriarchal dividend has an effect on gender relations in many different and complex ways. The advantages given to men in general by the patriarchal dividend can have an effect on a range of areas, including employment, violence, politics, the media, religion, sport, pop culture, and others. While traditional gender roles in Australia may have changed over time, there is the question of how much influence the patriarchal dividend has on contemporary gender relations, especially in light of changes to legal equality. As well, there is variation in how the patriarchal dividend impacts on people given other social factors. What the patriarchal dividend is will be explained in more detail, as well as its impact on the interrelated

There is no question that intimate partner violence (IPV) directed against women is a fundamental issue. However, it is clear that a paradigm has been developed within the IPV literature which generally holds that it is gender-based; that perpetrators are "exclusively or disproportionately male" (Dutton., 2006) and that females are the sole victims. Whilst the original function of this paradigm was to generate social change "in a direction that righted an imbalance against women" (Dutton & Nicholls., 2005), the present result is a misinformation regarding the reality of IPV. It holds that male-perpetrated violence towards women “arises from patriarchal values which motivate men to seek to control women’s behaviour, using violence if necessary” (Bates, Graham-Kevan & Archer., 2013). It will be further explored in this essay how this claim, for the most part, has been rejected. In fact, a ‘gender neutral view’ of IPV has gradually emerged, beginning with the work of Strauss and colleagues around 30 years ago. Results from the 1985 National Family Violence Surveys (Straus & Gelles., 1986) in the USA showed that 12.1% of husbands were victims of their wife’s violence, prompting interest in this novel field. Thus Steinmetz (1977/78) proposed the existence of the ‘battered husband syndrome’; findings in her paper showed that the rates of violence between both sexes in an intimate relationship were “very similar”, with at one stage it being shown that the violence of wives

My participation as part of the volunteer staff at the 10th Annual Los Angeles Walk to End Genocide concluded my journey with Jewish World Watch on a bitter-sweet note. I don’t even know the words to properly express my gratitude for this program or thank both your foundation and Professor Hatkoff for understanding that nontraditional students, such as myself are also capable of having an amazing, insightful, growing experience.

The research aim of 'Real' violence?: gender and (male) violence is to highlight the links between Australia’s cultural perspective of gender and violence, particularly the social distinction between ‘normal’ (male to male) violence and domestic (male to female) violence. The writer hypothesises that violence should be looked at as a social construct of masculinity rather than focusing on the degree of violence or the gender of the victim. The aims, questions and hypotheses are clear and logically developed from the literature review. However, the literature review is minimal, and few sources have been found to give a background to the concepts presented.

Domestic Violence is a human tragedy, and has been a part of life for many individuals. It is not subjective to a particular group, race, or culture. Historically, the feminist movement preserved the theory that domestic violence is a growing matter because of the continuous power differential between the male gender and the female gender. Remarkably, this approach on domestic disputes unveiled the inner workings of barriers men, women, and children would face when in a domestic violence situation. The feminist theory emphasizes on studying “the gendered nature of all relationships…which aims at understanding how gender is related to social inequalities and oppression” (Marsigila & Kulis, 2015, p. 148). Disastrously, an ignorant notion that once dominated our culture was the belief that emotional agony was less painful than physical brutality. However,

Gender based and intimate partner violence poses major public health problems and violations of women 's human rights. This pattern of violence can be traced back to the start of American society, when women were stripped of property rights, or any type of ownership, and they’re lives were owned by their husbands. The market culture that began to morph, as well as the self made man model that circulated in American culture, in a way convinced men that they were stronger than women. A tough man was an individual who knew how to keep his wife in her place, whatever means possible including committing intimate partner violence. In a time when women were beginning to exercise their reproductive rights and take leadership roles in the country, the self made man felt endangered and lashed out. In the 70’s through late 80’s there was a “surge” in reported intimate partner violence cases across the US, however even before this surge there were hundreds, if not thousands of women suffering from abuse. The men were unable to cope with their power over women vanishing from their hands.

Scientific interest in the issue of violence against women and its connections to poor mental health used to be insignificant. Nevertheless, the rise of second wave feminism and activism around women’s rights generated the development of interest in the worldwide social problem of violence against women (Walker, 1989, p.702). The importance of this problem has now been affirmed. Violence against women is legally realized as a priority health and human rights problem (WHO, 1997). In March 1999 at the 43 rd session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women, a Resolution was adopted that admitted that violence against women is becoming acute in all countries, societies and socio-economic groups and as a aftermath the

Research has continuously shown that men are the primary perpetrators of violence and women being the victims which has led to increased awareness of the effects of Domestic violence on women. However, what researchers have failed to acknowledge is that women too can be perpetrators of violence and abuse against their partners and children (World Health Organisation, 2012).

Post-modernism, a cultural phenomenon occurring before my birth, set in motion a series of adjustments in cultural anthropology and in general society (Clifford & Marcus 1986). It shaped my outlook, but more influential forces included the movement of feminism and feminist anthropology (Mascia-Lees et al. 1989). As I identify as a woman, my experiences belong to a similar realm as those discussed by feminist anthropologists (Mascia-Lees, et al. 1989; See Abu-Lughod 1985; Shaw 1985). Despite advances in societal equality, woman, and therefore I, still belong to a weaker power group that struggle with access to power and money (See Graeber 1996). However, I

When data collected at the national level provide reports that show 1 in 5 women being victims of severe physical violence in their lifetime (NISVS, 2010), we must ask ourselves if enough is being done to prevent this from occurring. From a historical point, there has always almost been a distinction from men on woman violence. Based on the disparity of cases reported, male inflicted violence on females is much higher and prevalent. When the perpetrators of DV, and IPV are predominately males, we can no longer dismissed this issue as a cultural, or

Violence against women is a worldwide phenomenon which spans all social classes and age groups. Violence in both its subtle and blatant from is so deeply embedded in cultures around the world that it is almost rendered invisible. To quote Charlotte Bunch – “Opening the door on the subject of violence against the world’s females is like standing

Gender violence in general and violence against women in intimate relationships in particular, is a historical phenomenon present in much of human cultures, regardless of age, social class, race, ideology or religion. It is a hidden reality and still has much to do with companies in which it places women in a position of economic, social, cultural and emotional inferiority to men. For several decades, the various expressions of this type of violence began to be conceived as a human rights violation. However, in many parts of the world they do not come to be recognized for women, or even fully respected in societies where they have been proclaimed constitutionally. International commitments in this field arising in the 1970s, from early studies and research that detected the existence and practice of true cultures of violence against women worldwide. During that decade, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979), which urges states parties to take measures to modify social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women eliminate prejudice and based on the idea of inferiority, superiority of either sex or gender and stereotypes practices. Since then, several international meetings have progressed in defining concepts and tools to identify and address violence against women. Gender violence is a complex problem that is essentially based on the inequality between men and women, inequality

Gender violence is sometimes interchanged with violence against women (United Nations General Assembly ,1993). It is a term that recognises that violence occurs within the context of women’s inferior status in society and it also shows the unequal balance of women’s power in society (Watts & Zimmerman, 2002). Violence against women is defined by the United Nations as any act of gender based violence that is likely to cause any psychological, sexual or physical harm to women. This includes threats or certain actions such a, coercion that will occur in the public or private (United Nations General Assembly ,1993).

Gender-based violence is only one of the many inequality problems that women face within our society. In the midst of this problem something that becomes more infuriating is the fact that it most often happens at the hands of friends, loved ones, and family members who find a way to justify the abuse and/or put the blame back on the victim. Gender-based violence against women is commonly seen as both a consequence and a cause of gender inequality (Walby, Towers, & Francis, 2014, p. 194). In this paper, gender-based violence will be discussed in three forms, intimate partner abuse, harassment, and sexual assault.