Essay about Wzhou22

Veins are made up of more elastic tissue and less smooth muscle and carry blood to the heart from the body. The heart wall has three layers that surround the heart. The outer most layer is the epicardium, middle layer is the myocardium, inner layer is the endocardium.

36. The outermost wall of large arteries and veins contains a special vascular structure called what? Tunica externa*

2. What regions of the face are supplied by the external carotid artery? The face.

A. Sketch each slide below and describe the tissues and structures you observed on each slide.

14. What do your heart block experiment results indicate about the spread of impulses from the atria to the ventricles?

The cardiovascular system is the network of blood vessels with the major role in transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the tissues and the waste products from organs and tissues. The diseases of the cardiovascular system, either acquired or congenital, may result in ischemia or undersupply of major organs, which would be a threat to the overall health of an individual. Events caused by cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in the treatment and the preventive strategies of cardiovascular diseases, the social and economic burdens due to these diseases continue to grow. Further efforts, therefore,

Veins are blood vessels that return blood from the different structures of the body back to the heart. The veins consist of three layers that make the outermost structure of the body. Tunica Adventitia which is the outermost layer of the blood vessel composed of collagens and is supported by elastic fibres. It contains multifunction cells which are Fibroblasts and Macrophages and also has a Vasa Vasorum which helps the small blood cells supply the walls of large veins. The middle layer is called Tunica Media, which is a thick and smooth muscle that helps the vessel provide support. It also consists of transparent elastic lamellae and external elastic lamina. Tunica Intima is the innermost layer of the vessel and is made from one layer of endothelial

The two main coronary arteries that supply blood to the hart are the left main coronary artery and the right coronary artery.

Nerve injury and subcutaneous bleeding. There are two major variation in the placement of veins in the cubital fossa and forearm,one is “H” orientation of cubital fossa veins,this is most common and simplest placement of veins,found in approximately 70%-80% of individual,other is “M” orientation of cubital fossa veins,this is the less common placement of superficial veins,20%-30 % of individual forms in the cubital fossa.

The majority of the vessels that supply the brain with blood derive from the cerebral atrial circle. The cerebral atrial circle is also known as the circle of Willis and it is found at the base of the brain around the pituitary gland. The circle of Willis is composed of arteries and crucial to cerebral circulation; the arteries which comprise the circle are as follows: the anterior cerebral artery, the anterior communicating artery, the internal carotid artery, the posterior cerebral artery, the posterior communicating artery, and the basilar artery. The internal carotid and vertebral arteries carry blood to the brain. In the cranial cavity the vertebral arteries bind to form a basilar artery which forms the right and left of the cerebral

The femoral artery (Fig 4) begins immediately behind the inguinal ligament, midway between the anterior superior spine of the ileum and the symphysis pubis, and passes down the front and medial side of the thigh. It ends at the junction of the middle with the lower third of the thigh, where it passes through an opening in the Adductor Magnus to become the popliteal artery.(Henery, 2007)

In general, it is the outermost endothelial layer and the underlying smooth muscle cell layer (i.e., the intima and media) that are thought to be the most important in maintaining overall vascular tone. In normal individuals, physiological increases in blood flow are caused in large part by endothelium-mediated

The left and the right common carotid artery bifurcate in the neck region to form the external and internal carotid arteries. These arteries originate from different arteries but follow symmetrical sources. The right common carotid artery originates in the neck from the brachiocephalic trunk, while the left common carotid artery from the aortic arch in the thorax. (4) They then split into the external and internal arteries at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage at around the level of the fourth cervical vertebra. The left common carotid artery can be thought of as having two parts, a thoracic part and a cervical part while the right common carotid only has a small thoracic portion because it originates close to the neck. The average diameters of the common carotid in adult males and females are 6.5 millimeters and 6.1 millimeters, respectively. (3) While both branches of the common carotid artery travel upward, the internal carotid artery takes a deeper path and eventually travels up into the skull to supply the brain. The external carotid artery travels more closely to the surface and sends off numerous branches which supply the neck and face.

The cerebral circulation includes two systems:the anterior cerebral circulation system and the posterior cerebral circulation system.The anterior circulation system supplies blood primarily to the middle and front portion of the brain and consists of the left and right carotid arteries.The anterior blood supply system originated from the carotid arteries.The carotid artery is from the heart and goes up to the head through the neck.The carotid artery bifurcates into internal carotid artery and external carotid artery,and the internal carotid artery will go inside the skull to supply blood to the brain hemisphere,the external carotid artery goes outside of the skull to supply blood to the face.In the anterior system,there are another two important arteries----the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery.The anterior cerebral artery originate from the internal carotid artery,stays in the midline of the brain and supplies blood

With a combination of sharp and blunt dissection, the parietal pleura is mobilized off important structures, namely aorta, left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery, phrenic and vagus nerves on the left and on the right, subclavian vessels, azygous vein, superior vena cava and phrenic nerve.