Option 2 (History)
Write an essay responding to the following:
Which is more important in explaining the public support for Chartism:
economic circumstances, or Chartism’s cultural community?
Chartism was the first mass working class labour movement in the world. Beginning in 1838, Chartists called for political reform in the United Kingdom. The nature of their proposed reforms were laid out in the six point People’s Charter of 1838, and it is from this, that Chartism took its name. The Chartist movement is seen by historians as a continuation of the fight against corruption in British politics, and as a new phase in demands for democracy in the world’s first industrialised society. The sheer extent of support which
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Mail could be posted at a time, and place which better suited the needs of the working man, In addition travelling times, between towns and cities, were reduced by railway travel. Before journeys were restricted to the speed and endurance of a horse. The circulation of ideas and correspondence between local Chartist groups became faster and easier, allowing the movement to evolve into a living community.
This exchange of ideas and ideals between Chartist groups happened in a number of ways; the most striking of which must surely be the three petitions which were signed by a huge proportion of the population. Chartist newspapers were important to the movement, spreading the latest information about meetings and events. The Northern Star and The Poor Man’s Guardian were two examples of over 120 different titles of Chartist papers. Chartism developed a culture all its own; there was Chartist music, poetry, literature and festivities. The movement was open and inclusive. There were no membership fees for being a. Chartist and everyone was allowed a voice. This was in stark contrast to the hierarchical nature of British society of the time, which saw power shared between the rich, privileged few. Chartism was a workers’ movement, which was open to Nonconformist Christians, women and ethnic minorities, its core activities were aimed at those with little or no money; these could be processions, open-air meetings or petition signings. There had been radical
Over time, transportation has shown to have an incredible impact on the United States. It has revealed to bring about economic and social changes in various ways. In the late eighteenth century ancient methods of traveling were still in use in America and it was often very slow. Americans were aware that if transportation advancement occurred, it would potentially increase foreign trade, increase land values as well as strengthen the American economy. In the mid 1800s it has been determined that transportation advancement has a drastic effect on our
Luddism, for example, was one of the ideologies that opposed the industrial changes that liberalism brought. The jobs of the skilled textile workers were lost and replaced by machines operated by unskilled laborers. The Luddites protested and even broke into factories, destroying many machinery. Chartism was another example of the response to the unrecognized individual rights. Chartism was a working- class movement with the main focus on political and social reform in society (Fielding, 2009, 132). The Chartists wanted a political and social reform in society because they could be granted the rights to participate in these aspects of society. Utopian Socialists were humanitarians who advocated an end to the appalling conditions of the average worker in the industrial capitalist countries (Fielding, 2009, 134). They believed that education and the improved working conditions could peacefully remove the worst aspects of capitalism and lead to an ideal socialist society where everyone would live happily. “It is therefore the interest of all, that everyone, from birth, should be well educated, physically and mentally, that society may be improved in its character; that everyone should be beneficially employed, physically, and mentally, that the greatest amount of wealth may be created and knowledge attained….” (Fielding, 2009, 135). Another essential resistance to liberalism was showcased by the ideology of classical conservatism. The beliefs of
Second, the development of new public transit systems, was important in shaping the design of our cities and the growth of our cities by enabling people to move further away from the inner city. Early on, large cities didn’t really have public transportation. Their main source of transportation were horse drawn wagons and walking. In conclusion, most people lived near on in the downtown area, where most of the working establishments were located. Because of this, it made big cites crowed and congested. With the breakthrough of the “el”, electric streetcars, and subways, around 1867, cities began expand more. Those who were fortunate enough to move out of the dirty cities and into better neighborhoods surrounded outside the city, did so. The new transit systems in most cities allowed people to escape the chaos of urban life and provided potential for growth of our cities.
treatment and if any specialty agency would need to be contacted. Ignoring these regulations can cause damage that is un-repairable.
There was so many thing to get a person around the place but when the y can out with the steam boats and the R&R train there was a different way of getting to place to place. Back then there was so many thinning that was happening like cotton and rail road so they needed to find people to get it places so they made the train and steam boat. Transportation was a big deal back then likes who is going to take my things and stuff, and who was going to make it here. They all needed to make it place so someone in the South would use the steam boat to where they need to go and if they can’t make it that far they would have getting the train and get there place. People back then need transportation and they got two big ones.
There is evidence within the extract to support each explanation of how chartism gained support, however a reactions to economic conditions was stressed more by the speaker. This could of been due to people believing this to be the most important part of chartism and related to it more. Many people but not all, also believed that being part of the political movement would help to resolve the economic condition, while also being part of a community in a time were social exclusion was a major part of society.
Welcome to DE100 2014J Final Tutorial Focusing on the EMA: Due Tue 26th May 2015 • • • • Module Review EMA guidelines Planning an essay Submitting the EMA Welcome • Have you registered for your next module? If yes then share with the group what you are doing next.
Chartism’s longevity and spread across the industrial areas of the United Kingdom is thought to have been due to its appeal to all working class people. Events and opportunities for social interaction were provided enabling members to meet together and feel as if they were actively participating in the movement. In the extract there are very few references, compared to the other themes, to the inclusive cultural community and all refer to men. “Men, brethren of the human race” (Para1Line 1) and “Honourable gentlemen ...the working class only” (Para 3 Line1). While inclusivity was important in keeping the organisation popular it would seem from the limited references that this was not the main focus for the speaker.
At the peak of expansion in the 1800’s, communication between the east and west was at the forefront of importance. A document from the State of Pennsylvania regarding railways in 1825 remarked that there is extreme “importance and necessity of effecting a communication between the eastern and western divisions of the commonwealth” (Wade, 5). The appearance of the railroads in the early 19th century decreased and nearly diminished the communication gap as it provided a reliable and speedy method of communication. As the railroads became more prominent across the United States, the western states naturally became linked to the Midwestern and eastern states through the Union Pacific Railroad. This railroad running from the east coast to the west coast opened up new doors in trans-continental communication. Businesses between the east and the west were able to communicate more effectively, and thus, trans-continental trade became more defined throughout the United States. The mail services began using railroads as well, which was a large factor in improving communication across the US. Trans-continental communication was broadened simply by the increased number of people traveling across the country. And, even when the railroads seemed an impractical method of transportation, “they might make possible long
Today I hope to convince most people here to recognise the possibility of The Chartists being more impactful to the UK democracy of today than the Suffragist movement.
Chartism was all-embracing of the working classes; six working men were deliberated included on the committee that discussed the People’s Charter. The speaker addresses this group several times with ‘Working men’ (L.1), ‘Honourable gentlemen, I mean by this name the working class only’ (L.17), and ‘the labouring class, are regarded as a cipher in importance’ (L.22-L.23). Ellen Yeo, secondary source 3, states the working classes were quite capable of creating their own politics just as they were proficient manufacturers in the economy. Chartism’s ideal of giving power to the people already occurred within the movement as it gave people a political voice, the National Petition’s allowed people whose opinion was rarely consulted by Parliament to put down their signature with a feeling of power and pride.
In general, the members involved were the working class. The Chartists mostly worked in industry and agriculture and wanted to change the way the democracy operated and their working conditions in general. This meant that they supported the ‘People’s Charter’. Like the Chartists, the Luddites wanted to make a change. The Luddites were predominantly textile artisans who worked in factories that were starting to use machines.
Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857. It was given its name from the People's Charter of and was a national revolt for political and social movement. The strategy employed was to use support through petitions and demonstrations in order to put pressure on politicians to acknowledge suffering. Chartism thus relied on constitutional approaches to achieve its goals. By 1839 the Chartists had obtained nearly one and a half million signatures in support of reform and presented the Charter to the lower house of parliament also known as the House of The Commons. The charter was, however rejected by the government. A second petition of around three million signatures was rejected in 1842, and the rejection of the third petition in 1848 saw the end of the Chartist movement.
Chartism was the name of a variety of protest movements in England during the 1830s and 40s, which aimed to bring about change in social and economic conditions through political reform. Its name comes from the People’s Charter, a six-point petition presented to the House of Commons with the hope of having it made law. The six point included annual parliaments, universal manhood suffrage, abolition of the property qualification for members of the House of Commons, the secret ballot, equal electoral districts, and salaries for members of Parliament.
Chartism was the largest protest movement by working class people that Britain has ever seen, Chartist wanted a host of reforms which were highlighted in the Peoples Charter, which is were the Chartist name derives itself from. The People Charter of 1838 set about six points including: the vote for all adult males aged over 21, payment for MP’s, equal electoral districts, secret ballot, no property qualification for MP’s and annual general elections.