Yali's A Very Brief Summary

Yali’s question is: “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?”

Farming initially developed in the Middle East, the Fertile Crescent. Grains such as barley and wild wheat were abundant. Also, not heavily forested, and animals were in short supply, presenting a challenge to hunters. 10,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE. Notice: it took thousands of years for this “revolution” so not fast but profound for history. Agriculture was hard for many hunting and gathering peoples to adopt – lots of work. Those in agricultural communities developed diseases, which they became immune. The agricultural people would unintentionally infect the hunters.

How does Pizarro’s capture of Atahuallpa explain why Europeans colonized the New World instead of Native Americans colonizing Europe?

Jared Diamond starts off his book, Guns, Germs, and Steel with stating his attempt to answer Yali’s question, “Why is it that you white people developed much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own.” Diamond elaborates and brings to simpler terms how Yali’s question relates to many questions on the origins of humans, but more specifically, how Eurasians, the white people mentioned by Yali, came to successfully dominate the rest of the world. In the prologue, Diamond mainly drives his point of the “effects of continental environments on history over the past 13,000 years” as to what he believes is the main root to why Eurasians came to dominate so successfully. Alongside of continental environments,

Response- Humans started agriculture in the Neolithic time. When humans found out that they can plant they started to evolve. More ideas started to grow and finally humans figured out that they can make technology people switched from farming to making things and trading for new stuff .which caused the change in human lifestyles.

I think the spanish conquistadors were able to so easily able to defeat the natives of South and Central America because the natives were so distracted by other things, such as the better weapons in document three, and the diseases in document four Document number three is called Cortés and the Spaniards move toward the City of Mexico and it's about the loud clamor that they made and the better weapons that they used Document number four is called The American Holocaust and it’s about the diseases that the spanish brought over and used to kill almost everyone in the Aztec empire. Using these two documents I am able to make a conclusion about how the spanish were able to defeat the natives so easily.

Jared Diamond dedicates a whole chapter to the battle at Cajamarca in Part One because of the technological reasons shown in this particular battle. First of all the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, who was also referred to as King Charles 1 of Spain, planned to capture the Incan emperor Atahuallpa. However there were some minor issues, “Pizarro, leading a ragtag group of 168 Spanish soldiers, was in unfamiliar terrain, ignorant of the local inhabitants, completely out of touch with the nearest Spaniards (1,000 miles to the north in Panama) and far beyond the reach of timely reinforcements” (66). Pizarro still managed to capture Atahuallpa though. Even with all these obstacles in his way, he managed to capture the emperor who had an army of 80,000 soldiers. They both had something in common, they ruled over a nation of people. However, Pizarro and his group of 168 soldiers were far better trained and were actually armed with guns. They had armor to protect them while the Indian soldiers had nothing to defend themselves thus creating this “turning point” that Jared Diamond is trying to show here. The Spaniards were from a whole different society than the Indian soldiers, “Although the Spaniards’ superior weapons would have assured an ultimate Spanish victory in any case, the capture made the conquest quicker and infinitely easier” (66). Again, Spaniards had far better weapons than the soldiers. The Indian soldiers had none! If the Indians were brought up in the same society as the Spaniards, then the event would have been different. The Indian soldiers would actually be armed at all times (like the Spaniards) and be alert in case anything

Yali’s question is the pioneer and reason for Jared Diamond’s literary work Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. The book becomes the answer to this inquiry started by the curious mind of Yali, a New Guinean politician who had come across Jared Diamond in 1972. In their conversation, Yali had simply asked Diamond “Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?” The white peoples’ large amount of cargo represents large amounts of wealth and power concentrated in only the more developed countries of the modern world, and the black peoples’ little cargo applies to

Once ruthless conquistadors and explorers like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro arrived, the Native American tribes could not stand a chance. After all, both Spanish explorers were better equipped with weapons and defense. For example, they had supplies like powerful cannons, muskets, heavy-duty armor, as well as brawny horses. On the other hand, the savage Incas and Aztecs, though strong and mighty in warfare, only had spears, arrowheads (usually dipped in poison), natural resources used in the creation weaponry

Farming is a very important job. Humans didn’t start with framing thougth. At first we were hunters and gatherers moving with the food. Over time we started to farm; after the Ice Age there was a huge drought. Humans started to farm and live at one spot. Document 1-1

How is it possible that the small amount of Spanish conquistadors were able to defeat the strong and powerful Inca empire? The successful conquer was due to the death of the Inca king, Wayna Capac, and the spread of smallpox brought over from Europe and carried by Pizarro and his people. This caused the Inca’s to break into a civil war on who should be the next king, dividing the people making it easier for the Spaniards to conquer. Although Jared Diamond identified guns and steal and some of the most important things in the spanish conquest, the ultimate fall of the Inca empire was because of the germs from the Europeans and the civil war that broke loose after the fall of the Inca king. The colonization of the Incan empire was made successful

Farming most likely began with sedentary hunter-gatherers who manipulated the plants around them to their advantage. Like almost everything, farming

The capture of Atahuallpa by Pizarro explains why Europeans colonized the new world instead of Native Americans because the capture signaled the end of the Inca nation and showed how inadequate and unconscious the Native Americans were. Pizarro, who only had a “62 soldiers mounted on horses and 106 foot soldiers”, was able to defeat Atahuallpa who was an absolute monarch with an army of 80,000.” This was because of the Europeans weapons, such as horses, steel, armor and guns that were originally unknown to the Native Americans. The defeat to the Native Americans was easy and led to the slaughter of many of them. Another advantage of the Europeans was that they had the technology and ability to go Cajamarca while Atahuallpa people did not have that type of technology. On the point of the Native Americans scare knowledge, Atahuallpa was unconscious of the true nature of the Europeans. If he had known he was walking into his own death trap, events would have played out differently! If Atahuallpa was literate or even had more materials to gain information on the Europeans, he could have avoided the situation. Thus not giving Pizarro the time to dispatch parties into the empire and allow for reinforcements in Panama he would not have gone and Pizarro would have

Most Inca didn't know about Pizarro's arrival and they weren't ready . Pizarro had many advantages but his greatest advantage were his weapons. Pizarro had weapon technology that were more advanced than the tools that the Inca possessed. The Spanish brought weapons that the Inca had never seen before . Pizarro had guns and steel swords that were hard to break and the Incas only had bronze tools. Since steel was a hard metal , if properly made , the Inca had no chance of winning with bronze tools .

Before there was farming people had to hunt for berries and animals. People knew that they had to start finding ways to produce food. If they started making advanced tools it would help them grow crops. When crops and animals began to be farmed the cities and civilizations began to grow. With more civilizations growing, farming became more of a demand.