Year 11 Biology River Mangrove Study

Mangrove Forest is another type of ecosystem in South Texas. Mangrove Forests are found along the coast in salty waters and the general abiotic conditions are high salinity flooded soils, low wave energy, high temperatures, and muddy soils. Black Mangrove and Buttonwood are the dominant plant species in South Texas Mangrove Forest ecosystem. Buttonwood is adapted to this ecosystem because it resides inland where there is less salty conditions. Black Mangrove is adapted to sandy salty clay soil and requires protection from wave action and they are sensitive to cold weather. Some common animal species that live in Mangrove Forests are many species of fish, crabs, mollusks, and birds. Mangrove forests provide a habitat, shelter, and nursery to these species that reside in this ecosystem. Mangrove forest serve as a coastal protection from severe storms and hurricanes also help remove pollutants and erosion. The economic importance of Mangrove forest is that they support fisheries, water purification, tourism, and coastal protection. Human activities pose a threat to Mangrove Forests because of the removal of some mangroves, boat waves, oil spills, dredging, draining, and diking.

Zonation is the distribution of animals and plants into specific zones according to abiotic factors and characterised by its dominant species [15]. Mangrove zonation is the distinguishable categorisation of a mangrove ecosystem that extends from shore to inland regions. Definitive spatial variation of mangrove species has been recognised amongst different ecosystems worldwide and is accredited as being influenced by abiotic and environmental factors [16]. In Eastern Australia, the majority of mangrove forests may be divided into landward, middle and seaward zones, based off of their placement in relation to tidal position. The following points represent the typical physiognomies characterised by mangroves in their corresponding zones:

The plants range from dangerous to harmless, from boring to interesting. The plants are very interesting to many people. Here are some of the plants, their information, and what they do. The corals turn into exterior skeletons and over thousands of years, exterior skeletons form thick, ring shaped coral reefs. Also, they colonize the water around the volcanoes. The mangrove forests are home to many animals like heron egrets, and frigate birds. The mangrove trees are one of the toughest trees in the world. The reef is home to lots of animals, and the animals are sea fans, sea worms, and sea sponges. Tawny sharks also hide in the coral caves during the day. The plants make the island lush. From corals to trees to reefs. The mangrove trees are very large, and are home to many animals. The plants make the island very beautiful and colorful. If these plants didn’t exist, then Aldabra would be dull, and not colorful.

Ecosystem Description: In this visit to Jonathan Dickinson State Park we had the opportunity to observe three ecosystems; Maritime Hammock, Dunes, and Mangroves swamp. The first ecosystem visited was Maritime Hammock This ecosystem occurs along the coast behind the dunes. It is similar as Hammocks’ forests that we saw in the Everglades but with a little bit less of vegetation. The temperature is nice and dry, not too much humidity. Maritime Hammocks are in general halophytic communities, this means that the vegetation here can tolerate the salty water bus doesn’t need it to survive. In this ecosystem we can found trees as oaks or grape fruits. The second ecosystem visited was Mangrove swamps. Mangroves lives in the estuarine zones. We appreciated

The task was to investigate the Condamine riparian environment and create a scientific report outlining; the interrelationships of the ecosystem, the impact of change and recommendations for the future. The area we investigated was behind the agriculture block. A riparian zone is the place at which the land adjoins with a river or stream. It is used habitat of daily movement, seasonal migrations and permeant habitats. Having a good riparian zone regulates the rivers temperature and light as well as having stabilised river banks.

The erosion of shorelines is a natural process that can have beneficial or adverse impacts on the creation and maintenance of habitats. Sands and gravels eroded from the shores of coastal bays maintain the beach as a natural barrier between the open water and coastal wetlands. Beaches move back and forth onshore, offshore and along shore with changing wave conditions. The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. However, excessively high sediment loads can smother submerged aquatic vegetation beds, cover shellfish beds and tidal flats, fill in riffle

Crossing the Mangrove by Maryse Condé first published in 1989, offers a fitting representation of French Caribbean history and culture. The novel stands out for its celebration of diversity and the concept of root identity throughout French Caribbean society. Condé’s novel reflects on the people living in Guadeloupe and the complex system that colonialism has created in the Caribbean. Also, it links the créolité movement from its counterpart Negritude and demonstrates how it shapes the identity of individuals living in the French Caribbean. The population of Rivière au Sel exemplifies the mixture of Guadeloupian people and how they interact with each other in a small community. Countless waves of immigrates to the Caribbean have brought African, East Indian, Europeans, Asians and other racial groups to live in close proximity to each other in Guadeloupe. In Praise of Creoleness, it explains the emergences of créolité and how it is a metaphor for a unique Caribbean identity completely separated from other movement in the Caribbean.

Many people see mangroves as nothing more than smelly, useless, trees, taking up valuable building space. Lack of knowledge about the values of mangroves leads to them being cut down, in order to build human settlements. So far, about 35% of the world’s mangroves have been destroyed. Most of the mangroves have been destroyed in

The mangrove tree is, as I learned through the presentations, characterized by its large, deep, and complex root system. This tree is only found in dense groves and forms a barrier between the ocean and the mainland. The mangrove tree is not a stable foundation to build upon and spreads its offspring by dropping pre-germinated seeds which then proceed to travel for thousands of miles. This is different from what I knew

In areas with vibrant mangrove forests, mangroves prevent erosion and absorb floodwaters, acting as a barrier for protection and a buffer. Mangroves however do have threats and weaknesses, hurricanes can damage them and they are weak to frost. But however the biggest threat to mangroves is humans, which cause habitat destruction and pollution. With these factors we see mangrove forests and mangroves in danger as the combinations also lead to climate change. With rising seas and warmer waters, mangroves may have to adapt or move locations which can put ecosystems unbalanced and change can bring huge disruption to ecosystems, and the way of life for many marine life, habitats and some may not be fit or quick to

Nicaragua is a Central American country in tropical region. It is surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Because of the unique location, Nicaragua is the home for various types of wild animals. Two species I will mention in this paper are Baird’s tapir and jaguarundi. They both live in rainforest ecosystem, which is the natural home for them. Just as all other species live in Nicaragua rainforest, Baird’s tapir and jaguarundi are facing habitat loss issue. Baird’s tapir is now endangered; jaguarundi is currently not endangered but also suffer a lot from deforestation. Putting in more effort to protect rainforest is one thing Nicaraguan government should do. Long term benefits that rainforest and wild animals live in

The intertidal zone is characterized as the limited segment of domain which is found at the air-land-ocean interface and lies between the tidemarks on all shorelines. From the about dry high tide line down to the quite often wet low tide line, the intertidal zone exists on rough shores, sandy shorelines, and mud pads. The Intertidal Zone is a harsh environment. The class sample the intertidal zone by placing quadrats in a standardized form and recorded all species who were in the quadrat. The Shannon Index and Evenness were calculated in 4 transects in the mid zone. The Simpson’s Index and Richness were calculated in all three sections separately and all values were compare to understand the dynamic of this community. Two species were compare from the sample population to understand the relation of the zones and niches. The sample was too small and many error were made for the sample to have a relevant result.

Biodiversity presents occurrence of variety of species and their natural community in which they live. By the definition it is “The degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet. It is a measure of the health of ecosystems and is in part a function of climate.” (Rutherford) Ecosystem is on the other hand, “ community and its abiotic environment”( Rutherford). Biodiversity exists in every ecosystem, weather it is big one, or just ecosystem of one garden, it has the same importance because without it nature loses its ability to perform major functions needed for life on Earth, as it is oxygen production. Trough this investigation, two different ecosystems will be explored and

Mangroves are the centre of a very intricate ecosystem. As a whole, mangroves are sometimes considered to be the most complex and productive ecosystem on earth (Frost, Emily). Many individuals consider the mangrove trees to be where the sea meets the land, since it benefits animals of all kinds. There are four different species of mangroves located in Belize, these include: the red mangove (Rhizophora mangle), the black mangove (Avicennia germinans), the white mangrove (Laguncalaria racemosa), and the buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus). The red mangrove is usually found along the water on the cayes and waterways, the black mangroves are found farther from the waters edge, followed by the white mangrove and buttonwood being found furthest inland.

Amitav Ghosh presents us Sundarbans which is also known as the tide country, with its complex topography and endangered flora and fauna. This UNESCO world heritage site which comprises the delta region of Padma, Meghna and Brahmaputra river basins, is a unique forest, with its stubborn coastal mangroves. Sundarbans is home to numerous threatened and endangered species of animals, birds and reptiles. A part of Sundarbans is a Reserve area for the famous Royal Bengal Tigers and its brackish water serves as home for the endangered Orcaella too. Such an ecologically rich yet sensitive area is under heavy toll, as it offers