Yeast Fermentation

When oxygen is inhaled through the lungs it sheds through the alveoli and vessels, ending up in the red blood cells (Effros, 2006). Oxygen is then transported through the blood and into the specific body tissues. When exhaling, carbon dioxide is then formed by the digestive system and travels back through the blood and gets extracted through the alveoli and out to the

4) One package of active dry yeast was added to bottle labeled ‘5mL’ and solution was swirled.

Also known as the oxygen family, chalcogens are sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium(Te), and polonium (Po). Oxygen (O) is also in group 16, where chalcogens are located on the periodic table. While it is defined as a chalcogen, oxygen and oxides are often separated from chalcogens because its chemical behavior is much different than that of the other elements in the group. The other elements in the group show similar patterns in their electron configurations resulting in similar chemical behavior. The name chalcogen means "ore former," derived from the Greek words chalcos: ore and -gen: formation. An interesting fact is that oxygen is the most abundant element on Earth, second most in the Atmosphere, and third in the whole universe. It is

Oxygen, O2, is a kind of gas. A lot of the air we breathe as human beings is oxygen. Which is good since we need oxygen to stay alive. Oxygen is also a primary element in fire. Fire is a chemical process. Three elements are needed for this process: oxygen, heat and fuel. Without one of those

First the air that’s breathed in travels down the trachea, into the lungs, through the bronchioles and into tiny air sacs called alveoli. The oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries, where there’s a lower concentration of oxygen. The thin walls of the capillaries allow the oxygen to diffuse through into the blood. The circulatory system then carries the blood around the body, supplying cells with the oxygen required for energy; allowing them to function. Glucose is also needed, which comes from the digestive system. Glucose is made from the sugary or starchy foods consumed. It start off in the mouth where the salivary glands produce saliva, which contains amylase which breaks down the sugars and starch. It then travels to the stomach, where it’s mixed with other enzymes and fluids, becoming a mixture known as chyme. Chyme, then travels to the small intestine where there are tiny, finger-like structures called villi on the surface walls of the intestine. Villi, are one cell thick making it easy to absorb particles, such as glucose, into the blood from the chyme which is passing through the small intestine. Once in the bloodstream, the circulatory system transports the glucose to cells to be used for energy.

Oxygen is used for cell respiration which is created and found in the mitochondria. The mitochondria need oxygen to make glucose for the body cells and to create carbon dioxide. Glucose is used in the liver to regulate the body’s sugar levels. Carbon dioxide is then added to water and then to energy for cell respiration and for the body systems and organs to be able to work.

Abstract: This lab’s purpose was to see how different levels of yeast, distilled water, and sugar interact to affect the level of carbon dioxide evolved in fermentation. In this experiment we had two sections. The first section tested four test tubes with varying levels of yeast, glucose and distilled water for evolved carbon dioxide levels. The tubes were timed for 20 minutes. The amounts of solution in the test tubes are noted in the methods section of this lab report. The second section of the lab used three test tubes and flowed the same procedure except added spices. The levels of ingredients are also in the methods section. The main goal of this experiment was to see the effects of yeast concentration.

Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units to release energy. In catabolism, large molecules such as lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are broken down into smaller units such as fatty acids and amino acids. When food is broken down energy is released as the foods molecules’ bonds are broken. Then this energy is used to reform the bonds that have been broken so that ATP can be recreated. More energy can be obtained when oxygen is present and the process proceeds on aerobically. The aerobic production of ATP occurs inside the mitochondria in cells. The broken down food molecules then enters the blood stream. Blood is a liquid connective tissue as it is made up of red and white living cells. Oxygen is transported in the red blood cells which are attached to a protein called haemoglobin. Nutrients including glucose are dissolved in the plasma. Plasma is a mixture of water, sugar, fat, proteins and salts. The main function of the plasma is to transport blood cells throughout your body along with nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins and chemical messengers such as hormones that help maintain the body’s fluid balance. The red blood cells also carry iron which attracts oxygen. Our cells use oxygen to make energy. Iron is also needed to keep the immune system healthy and help brain cells. Without your heart, blood vessels and blood you wouldn’t be able to get the

Oxygen is the part of the gases that is inhaled by mammals, even though it is not the most abundant in the atmosphere. This oxygen is the function of the blood and the heart, and it is dissolved in the plasma PaO2 and chemically bound to hemoglobin SaO2. In fact, for every 100 d/L of blood, 0.003ml of oxygen is dissolved in the plasma, and 1.34 m l of oxygen is carried in every 100 d/l of blood (Oxygen equilibrium and

Explanation: A). Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those organs and tissues to the lungs inside our body.

the cells of the body receive oxygen and transport it around the body and expel the CO2.

Enzymes are an important role in a living cell. Enzymes are the substance produced by a living organism, which help cells to accelerate the chemical reaction that normally would take days to years. The experiments that we examined helped us identify the specifics in enzymes, and how they produced carbon dioxide in lactose and Melibiose. We filled test tubes with different solutions and placed them inside water that was thirty-seven degrees Celsius. As we did this we determined exactly how much Carbon dioxide would be released.

In this lab I studied the effects that different temperatures would have on the fermentation rate of the yeast. My hypothesis for this experiment was that at room temperature the fermentation rate would be consistent because no factors would be affecting the enzyme activity, at a colder temperature the fermentation rate would be slowed down, and at body temperature the fermentation rate would not exist because increased temperatures often denature enzymes. Temperature is related to enzyme activity and the fermentation rate of yeast because fermentation is a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions, and different temperatures have the capacity to slow down, increase, or stop enzyme activity. Therefore, because fermentation is a series of enzyme

Oxygen is required by the cells to carry out respiration, this provides the energy in the form of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) which is a molecule required for muscular contraction. As exercise takes place, oxygen is used

Oxygen is a part of the air and it is responsible for aerobic respiration in humans, animals and some microorganisms to produce energy and to function. Air also contains carbon dioxide, and it is a crucial part of photosynthesis in primary producers, such as plants, for the production of chemical energy (Reference, 2017).