Yellow Starch Experiment

Brine Shrimp are a micro-crustacean that is found mostly in inland saltwater bodies, however, the salinity levels that they live in vary greatly. The conditions that they require can be made at home as the eggs (cysts) of the shrimp are dry, hard shells that can withstand drought and go without water for up to 50 years. This study presents the results of 3 different salinity levelled environments to the Brine shrimp in order to discover a salinity level that produces the most successful hatching rate. By filling 3 Petri dishes with 20mL’s of purified water, each dish contained varying sodium chloride amounts from 15ppt, 25ppt, and

The purpose of this lab was to answer the question, “Of the saline solutions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% sodium chloride (NaCl), which solution will yield the highest hatching viability for the brine shrimp?” The hypothesis was that the saline solution most precise to the concentration of NaCl in seawater, which is approximately 3.5%, will yield the highest hatching viability. Therefore, the 2% NaCl solution will yield the highest hatching viability.

Temperature had a direct effect on oxygen consumption of crayfish, Orconectes propinquus. Crayfish acclimated to warm temperature (20 to 25 C) had a mean mass of 8.25g +/- 1.05. Crayfish acclimated to cold temperature (3 to 5 C) had a mean mass of 10.61g +/- 0.77. Oxygen consumption rates of 30-60 minute treatments were used and there was no significant difference between the two different treatments (t=0.48, df=58, P=0.70). The data from 0-30 minutes were not used because the crayfish were disrupted by transportation and the data were not normally distributed. The Q10 value was 1.05, representing that there was full compensation for oxygen consumption for the crayfish at two different acclimated temperatures. The oxygen consumption of crayfish was not affected significantly by two different temperatures (Figure 1).

The procedure for this experiment followed the steps as shown in the flow chart (Figure 1) and will be expanded upon here. The oxygen-measuring probe in the test chamber was first turned on and required 10 minutes to warm up. During this time, two empty containers had 200mL of fish water added to them and then each was weighed using a scale that was tared to zero before use. Two pairs of goldfish were then collected from the large tank #1 in the lab room using the fish net provided, and one pair was placed in each container. Then, the containers were reweighed separately and the original weights were subtracted from the new weights in order to determine each pair of goldfish’s weight. Two trials were conducted and in each trial, each goldfish pair was subjected to two conditions, first a control condition where no factors were introduced, followed by an experimental condition where they were exposed

Enzymes are defined as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions but remain the same themselves. The shape of an enzyme enables it to receive one type of molecule and that specific molecule will fit into the enzyme’s shape. Where a substance fits into an enzyme is called the active site and the substance that fits into the active site is called a substrate. Several factors affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions. Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators can all affect enzymes. Temperature can affect enzymes because if the temperature gets too high, it can cause the enzyme to denature. pH can affect an enzyme by changing the shape of the enzyme or the charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate cannot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. Every enzyme has an ideal pH that it will strive in. Increasing substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction because more substrate molecules will be interacting and colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed. Inhibitors can affect enzymes and the rate of their reactions by either slowing down or stopping catalysis. The three types of inhibitors include competitive, non-competitive, and substrate inhibition.

In the Miranda and Hubbard (1994a) paper, the authors discuss the effects of length and lipid composition on winter survival of age-0 largemouth bass. The area of study for this research was Bay Springs Reservoir in Mississippi. Miranda and Hubbard wanted to determine if the larger young had greater survival through their first winter and if survival was influenced by levels of stored energy reserves (Miranda and Hubbard 1994a). Largemouth bass were collected from a 76-hectare arm of Bay Springs Reservoir monthly from June of 1990 through March of 1991. To collect the fish, doses of 1-2 mg/L of 5% emulsified rotenone were applied to netted zones within littoral areas (Miranda and Hubbard 1994a). Ten 0.015-hectare shoreline samples were

For the initial set-up of the experiment, two plastic beakers, each containing approximately 200mL of fish water, were individually weighed and recorded. The selected model organism for the experiment was the Carassius auratus, most commonly known as the goldfish. Each beaker was then filled with two pairs of evenly-sized goldfish and reweighed. These weights were then subtracted by the previously recorded weights to provide an approximation of the combined weights of each paired goldfishes. An oxygen chamber with a built-in probe was then filled with 200mL of fish water. The first pair of goldfish was added, along with the 200mL of fish

The purpose of this lab report is to determine the effects of a different environment condition such as temperature on the consumption of oxygen and ventilation in goldfishes (Carassius auratus). The consumption of oxygen and ventilation rate was measured in goldfishes at different treatment levels inside the tanks; ~ 25°C and ~15°C in a 15 minute time interval for one hour. At ~ 25°C, the ventilation rates in the goldfishes were higher than at ~ 15°C and there was more oxygen consumption at ~ 15°C than at ~ 25°C. The results suggest that the ventilation rate is greater in high temperature than low temperature. Also, there is more oxygen consumption at lower temperature than at higher temperatures. This experiment shows that temperature is

However, there is a growing number of fish harvested for domestic consumption (Cooke, 2007). With the motivations of fishing differing, the management of trout are considered when thinking of the quality of life. Considering the fish size, the number of fish caught and the number of attempts; “strikes” as well as the fishing environment can enable the fish population and the sport of angling a happy balance. Thus, the estimates of mortality from catch-and-release are now tied into fishery management. Scientist are discovering that other environmental factors are posing more of a danger to fish than fisherman. For example, the movement of a male fish to a nest can result in “nest abandonment” which can result in the loss of reproduction for individual fish. With the management of catch-and-release, nest abandonment is less likely to

Before attempting this lab, we conducted some research on what conditions catfish need to survive in an area. Catfish are better off at temperatures ranging from 88-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Their preferred dissolved oxygen levels are at least 4 ppm.(http://www.thefishsite.com/articles/1907/water-quality-monitoring-and-management-for-catfish-ponds/). The diet of catfish often changes as they age. Younger catfish primarily feed on aquatic insects such as dragonfly larvae, water beetles and fly larvae. By the time they're adults, catfish consume small fish, seeds, aquatic plants, algae, crawfish and snails.(http://animals.mom.me/catfish-eating-habits-9466.html). The alkalinity of the water needs to be at least 40 ppm but the catfish will be happier

The researchers collected clownfish from Korea. They used immature males, mature males, males sixty days after the removal of the females, males ninety days after removal, males one hundred and twenty days after removal, and females. They were all separated by the presence of mature ova or sperm. The fish lived in a one hundred and twenty liter tank at ninety two degrees celsius. After given the injection, the tissue was collected at zero, two, four, six, eight, ten, and twelve hours later. Three fish were all decapitated before the tissue was collected.

The purpose of this study was to see whether or not seasons would affect the abundance and size of flatfish species. The hypothesis presented throughout the experiment was that seasonal effect would be present in the flatfishes that were being tested. This hypothesis was made because of the fact that there is a difference in spawning around the year within flatfish species.

This experiment was conducted by visiting Hennington Pond at the Modesto Maidique Campus (MMC) at Florida International University (FIU). Due to their rapid life cycles and rapid growth, Gambusia Holbrooki (Mosquitofish) is an optimal fish to be able to study under any condition. But because during this experiment we will be focusing on vertical life tables, the perk of using the mosquitofish is that they are highly abundant. This research that was conducted, further proved that the optimum age for the mosquitofish to reproduce is at the age of 90

They are relatively inexpensive and easy to acquire, have an extremely short incubation period (24 hours) and can be related to nutritional effects on other species (Sorgeloos et al 1998). Crustaceans make up a food source for the human population as well as being a widely accepted food source by many animals; they are also an economic source for crustacean farmers. To be able to find the most adequate diet for growth and production is crucial to the success of the aquaculture industry. Many factors influence the metabolic rate of a crustacean, including environmental temperature, salinity and osmosis as well as body size, reproductive state and nutrition. (Ansell,

Environmental enrichment for fish in captive environments has not been studied often, unlike that of mammals. However, in the last decade, there have been more attempts to study it. Moreover, structural environmental enrichment is the focal point at this time. Structural environmental enrichment is the addition of a structure (e.g. toys, buoys, artificial vegetation) to the rearing environment (Naslund & Johnsson, 2014). Enrichment can affect a variety of aspects of the biology of captive fish, such as, stress, injury, disease susceptibility, aggression, and energy expenditure (Gerber et al., 2015)).