Yersinia Pestis Research Paper

The bacteria Yersinia Pestis is the cause of the black plague. Y. Pestis was discovered by Alexandre Yersin in 1849. The plague was the cause of one of the world's most horrific epidemics in the entire world. The plague is an infectious disease that first appeared in 1347 in China and made its way to Asia and then the Black Sea. The Black Plague has caused death to about 75 million lives. The plague is a deadly bacterial infection that can cause death if left untreated. The plague got its name the “Black Death” due to the fact that this disease caused black boils on the skin and that its victims were always on the verge of death when seen. The Plague would then soon arrive in Europe

Bubonic plague is an infectious disease that is spread by the bacteria Yersinia pestis. These bacteria remain in a dormant state primarily in a rat flea’s foregut. Once the flea has bitten a victim it regurgitates the contents in its foregut into the bite location. Once the bacterium has entered into a mammal’s warm body it begins to reproduce and spread throughout the mammal’s body. The reproduction of this bacterium creates large painful swollen lymph nodes which are called buboes. Once these buboes get large enough they begin to ooze infected body fluid so that any contact between an infected person and a healthy person will facilitate the spread of this disease. (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012)

Plague is a very deadly bacterial disease. It has been a recurring force that has wiped out much of the world’s population during it’s outbreaks. The bacteria that is responsible for one of history’s most deadly diseases is Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis first infectes a rat. The rat is then the host for a flea. The flea feeds on the blood of the rat which is infected by the bacteria. For a reason still unknown today the bacteria started multiplying in the flea blocking it 's stomach. This caused the flea to throw up the infected rats blood into the human when it feeds on it.

The roots of this fearsome plague are very chilling to think about knowing that a mere flea can be the cause of the bubonic plagues epidemic. The more specific medical or scientific term for this disease is Yersinia Pestis. This was named after the doctor, Alexandre Yersin, who isolated the bacteria in 1894 during the pandemic that began in China in the 1860’s. The earliest traces of Y Pestis can be found all the way back to the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in the 1320’s. The cause of the sudden eruption is yet to be solved but the earliest major toll it has taken in our history books is in China in the 1330’s during the expansion of trade in the middle and high

The black death is believed to have began in central Asia in the mid-thirteen hundreds, and killed millions. After it spread across Asia it was then carried down the Silk Road reaching Crimea by 1343. Scientists believe that the plague was carried by fleas on rodents, such as rats, being normal passengers traveling on merchant ships across the Mediterranean. The fleas were believed to have bacteria called Yersinia pestis, which is commonly present in the flea population on ground rodents in certain areas such as Central Asia, Kurdistan, Western Asia, Northern India, and Uganda. Scientists believe that all three outbreaks of the epidemic began in China. The disease was devastating to the economy of Europe and Asia, making it hard for people to find employees, and forcing them to pay higher wages. The plague was supposedly

The Bubonic Plague erupted in 1320 in the Gobi Desert in central Asia. This plague was passed through rodents to other animals and then to humans through flea bites. This plague has three different names, The Bubonic Plague, The Black Death, and Yersinia pestis. Y. Pestis was named after one of its co-founders, Alexandre Yersin. It’s called the Black death because your blood dries underneath of the skin and turns it black, you can also get skin sores that turn black.

A plague is a bacterial infection that can take on more than one form. One of the greatest plagues that have stricken mankind throughout history was the Black Death. The Black Death was the outbreak of the bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1347 and 1351. This plague was the most severe plague that hit the earth because of its origin (the spread), the symptoms, and the effects of the plague.

The prevalence of disease in the thirteenth century was very common in Europe,and Africa, later on spread to parts of Asia. Currently the bubonic is not that common but is still infecting a small portion of the earth. The Bubonic Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, a zoonotic bacteria, usually found in small animals and their fleas. It is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact, inhalation and rarely, ingestion of infective materials.

The Bubonic Plagues a highly lethal infection caused by the microbe Yersinia pestis. This plague is most commonly associated with the plague of the 14th century, when it wiped out nearly half of the entire European population. The Bubonic Plague spread rapidly throughout Europe and was an often fatal illness, characterized by enlarged lymph nodes with pus filled buboes, gangrene, septicemia, and severe lung infections, followed by the quick onslaught of death. The Black Plague is the worst natural disaster in European History. The plagues devastation impacted all aspects of European life and was the turning point from medieval to modern Europe. The incidence and virulence of the plague decreased over the years and became limited to certain areas by the end of the 20th century. However, the black plague has recently re-emerged around the world. The expanded knowledge from genetic research has introduced the threat of multidrug resistance and a modern day pandemic of the “Black Death.”

The Bubonic Plague and a variation called the septicemic plague was spread throughout Europe by oriental rats that carried infected fleas. Little is known to why the infection never seemed to affect the carrier rats. Infected fleas were being starved by the infection, so they began feasting upon the people they came into contact with. These fleas coming into contact with any human being would infect the human with the disease. These people were now carriers of the Bubonic plague or Black Death. These infected people would then spread the disease by coughing or coming into direct contact with another human being. However, this disease, since not being transmitted via rat would now be called the Pneumonic Plague. (www.insecta-inspecta.com).

It primarily infected insects and animals like rats and fleas of which both spend more of their time in filthy areas. The fleas infected with Yersinia Pestis bit the rats and the rats bit the humans. The bacteria gets into the bloodstream of the human and moves towards all the lymph nodes, then quickly migrate to the brain, liver, and spleen, completely destroying the organs inside and out. The disease also spread further pneumatically, the passing of the disease from person to person through coughs and sneezes, so many people tried their best to avoid big crowd of people

In the lymphatic system, the lymph nodes acts as filters, catching substances harmful to the body, like toxins, bacteria, cancer cells, and viruses. The plague directly targeted this form of defense. The plague has three forms of infection, based on how the bacteria were transmitted to the individual. These forms are bubonic, septicaemic and pneumonic. The Bubonic form was the most common, especially during the 14th century; this form of the plague came directly from flea bites. With the Bubonic plague, the bacteria travel to the lymph nodes where it begins to multiply. The lymph node begins to become inflamed. The swollen lymph nodes are called “buboes”. The swollen nodes soon begin to cause sores, and if left untreated, the Bubonic plague can turn into the septicaemic form. The septicaemic form is a result of the Y. pestis entering the bloodstream. Since the bacteria are overwhelming the lymph nodes, and causing them to swell, the immune system is compromised. Individuals with the septicaemic form of the plague suffer with a high fever and eventually die of multiple organ failure. The last and most fatal form of the plague is the pneumonic plague. When infected with the pneumonic plague, the individuals develop a cough due to high levels of mucus buildup in the lungs, about 99% of those who contract this form die. Although the disease is fatal if left untreated, there is

The Bubonic Plague was likely the first semi-global pandemic that rightfully merits the name which means affecting all people. The period of time in which the disease wreaked havoc was also known as the “Black Death." Alexandere Yersin was a French bacteriologist and discovered the bacteria in Hong Kong This diabolical disease is characterized by both positive and negative outcomes for the few people that managed to survive the plague. The total number of people who died subsequently of the disease are not known. The total number of deaths ranged from twenty to fifty million people. Many, grotesque, unpleasant characteristics are associated with the Black plague. Scientists now understand that the Black Death was spread by a bacillus known as Yersina Pestis. The dominant carrier of the disease was the "black" rat. Other rodents located in central Asia could have also contributed to the disease spreading. A French biologist discovered the germ during the nineteenth century. Recently Dr. Jahannes Krause has been able to do some "molecular fishing" and extract the remaining plague fragments, and DNA from the tooth enamel of excavated remains from the 1300 's. There are three types of the infection. The manifest through buboes (boils) with unpleasant smelling odors, and spots on the skin. Swollen, inflamed lymph nodes in the armpits and groin would appear. The lymphatic system is a major contributing factor to one 's immune system and general health condition.

The Bubonic Plague, often called the Black Death, is the name given to a deadly plague that was spreading during the Fourteenth Century. The plague spread through China, Europe, as well as western parts of Asia. It got its name from the painful swellings in lymph nodes, called buboes, which appeared on those infected with the plague. There was no cure for the disease, only treatments for the symptoms. This allowed for a rapid, massive spread of the disease. The plague reduced the world’s population from an estimated 450 million to about 350-375 million. The Bubonic Plague is most commonly known for its medical affects and the number of deaths it caused. However, it also had a huge impact, both positive and negative, on the economic, social, political, and cultural aspects of life.