Yiyao Su. 3/24/17. Career Or Family. Depicting In Both

Women and children did not have equal rights as men, but they proved to be prosperous in the eighteenth-century. The household economy supposed that family was the center of economic life. They believed that most labor revolved around the household and that all family members should assist to the family’s income. Both genders were seen equally in the eighteenth-century. The independent family farms relied on the labor of children and women. If the labor was not being performed the farm would receive no income. Farmers focused on owning enough land so they could pass it along to their sons. The death rate decreased and population increased because marriages became lifelong commitments. All families had one goal and that was to maintain the farm

However, others would say, despite the fact that women were not legal citizens at the time, many women did their best to maintain maximum education. Women would often run their own small businesses from home by trading homemade cloth or food for cash or other goods. There are accounts of women taking up jobs outside the home as well, especially with the onset of industrialization. Still, the majority of women, especially those of the lower working classes, had to resign themselves to a very restricted life overshadowed by the men of their community.

Emerging businesses created new job possibilities for women, such as; saleswomen, clerks, secretaries, factory workers, etc. Factory work meant mass production of household items that were easily obtainable for the average middle class family, thus allowing women more time for leisure. Not only did the job market expand, but education also became more accessible, allowing younger females to seek achievement outside the household. Despite all these positive changes, women often felt defeated as men still viewed them as being good at domesticity and childbearing and not much else. Women still were unable to vote in

However, the introduction of the new constitution also gave women equal economic rights in providing women the opportunity to be self-sufficient, allowing them to take on official government jobs previously reserved for men. In 1954, the CCP focused on publicly encouraging women to pursue a formal education and receive equal pay for equal work (Saskatchewan). Women’s roles in China prior to the reformation era included beliefs that a woman was a “Husband’s Assistant and a Son’s Teacher,” that “it is a virtue if a woman has no ability” and taught society that a woman’s main goal was to care for the men in her family (Hu). These misguided slogans closed off any possible avenue for a woman to climb the Chinese corporate ladder. Mao Zedong motivated more women to participate and stand up for their own rights by advocating ideas such as “women hold up half the sky” and that they were “the integral part of state development.” Because these laws protected women’s right to self-interest, the reformation era opened doors of opportunities for many women to receive jobs that were usually dominated by men, such as tractor drivers, pilots, and builders (Khlystov). The government funded nurseries and laundries and other jobs typically reserved for women in order to create incentives so that women would be able to work outside the home as well as within as they were still seen as responsible for domestic chores (Ocko).

The market revolution was a major milestone during the Antebellum Era. This revolution took the economy and flipped it upside down. It took the jobs that people normally did at their homes, and put them into more industrial and manufacturing factories. On the flip side of that, the Second Great Awakening was more of a religious movement of the Baptist and Methodist religions. This movement had a large impact on the women’s place in the world.

Women during the age of Industrialization in Britain conceded and proclaimed a more noticeable system of equality. As women protested for more rights, occupational opportunities, and increased wages, they drastically alternated their lives. As more women were working in factories, the differences in the lives of men and women decreased. Urbanization played a considerable role in the development of Industrial Britain. In certain conditions women were still separate as they had distinctive jobs, pay, and were still expected to do the tasks at home, all the while in atrocious conditions that were not always sympathized, but more overlooked.

In addition to an increased provider role, women were also taking on many more duties around the house and with the children. Due to the reduced credit and skyrocketing prices, men were forced to spend more and more time away from home working on coffee, sugar cane, or cattle plantations. Women would have to go weeks at a time without the presence of her husband in the household. The increasing occurrences of this, led to a growing feeling of independence and resourcefulness among the women of the community. Men were

To explain, in both the pre-industrial and urban industrial periods men were pushed into and dominant in public life, whereas women were pushed into and expected to be in the private sphere, commonly the household. In both periods, the gender roles of men expected them to be the “money-earners” as well as the heads and decision-makers of families. On the other hand, gender roles of women expected them to stay home to raise and nurture children as well as do the household work as the domestic servants of the families. Though there were comparisons between both historical periods, there was a significant difference for women in the urban industrial period as some women, specifically widows began to work, though their gender roles reckoned them to be in the private sphere. Additionally, in the urban industrial period when the men went off to war, women replaced their roles and would also work in the public sphere to provide financial support to their families. Not to mention, there were contrasts between both historical periods when viewing family size and form. In pre-industrial times, monogamous marriages and living with extended families were the norm as religion viewed marriage as sacred and private, as well as assistance was required in establishing cottage industries

Women were not equally treated. Their voting, pay, work conditions, all were unfair. The men were biased about the freedom for the women. Factory workers had horrible work conditions. Being exposed to lots of heat and no air, sharp and heavy objects surrounding them constantly. If a certain injury happened, they would most likely die from diseases. Children were forced to work at such a young age. These childrens were not

The resilience of women and the hardship of men were prominent during this time. However, women were still deeply grounded in their home life (Bolin, 74). Particularly women from middle-income families were left with job of being able to balance work and home life (Bolin, 74). Being a caregiver and taking care of the domestic needs of the home was very important. During this time tradition values were deeply routed in the home. Women made sure not let their home life consume them because their may focus was being a good wife and mother. This is a trend that has made its way even in today’s society. “Even now lack of adequate day-care (necessitating private baby-sitting service), low paying jobs for women, and the growth of technologies that open the door to and “electronic cottage industry”, indicate that women’s home production is a mutable but perhaps permanent response to women’s economic and social inequality under capitalism” (Hollingsworth, & Tyyska). The oppression in the past is shown to have made and imprint on society even to this day. Even though

With the help of the Industrial Revolution, women made significant strives in changing the traditional economic roles given to females. Before the industrial revolution the only opportunity for a woman to be financially secure was for that woman to marry a financially secure husband. This created women’s dependence on men because if the man died they would have no source of income. The Industrial Revolution provided many women with jobs of their own helping women to become self-dependant. This self-dependence allowed for women to pursue interests not involving men, such as

As industrialization spread in Western Europe, the production of products and goods moved from the household to factories which drastically changed family life. Married women were unable to work unless they left their children and home in someone else’s care. Moreover, middle-class women generally did not leave their homes in order to work. In contrast, the women of Eastern Asia rapidly joined the work force after the introduction of industrialization and made up a gigantic portion of the labor force. This difference is probably due to the fact that the rural women of Eastern Asia were always laborers, and they make up the majority of the female population. Additionally, European women generally preferred domestic labor to laborious tasks. Rural women were offered independence by leaving their homes in order to perform domestic work; they generally sent their earnings to their families or saved it for themselves. Moreover, the European women that participated in the work force were forced to travel long distances and were separated from their families from long hours. Additionally, their wages were significantly lower than that of their male counterparts. Furthermore, women worked under poor conditions and were constantly susceptible to disease. Similarly, the poor women of Eastern Asia sought employment in the cotton and silk industry.

Before the Industrial Revolution, there were many hard times for families. All of this changed when the Industrial Revolution happened. Women

Women found jobs wherever they could. Women's work on farms and at home was essential but the younger women moved from rural areas to cities to work in factories. Immigrant women

There have been significance changes in these practices and they remain significantly distinct in Urban and rural areas. For instance, free marriage is promoted now. Rural women, unlike before have more freedom, they have their own choice in migrating to the new cities to work where they are often seen as the “cheap” labor. Unlike traditionally, women are economical independent of their husbands. There is huge gap between urban and rural China, especially when it comes to the gender equality. This fact, adds further complexity in explaining the marital and family situations. Rural china still reflects on following their ancestral customs whereas the urban China is following the footsteps of the developed nations. There is increasing preference for nuclear family. Furthermore, urbanizations have changed beliefs of people when it comes to children. Having children was considered first priority before, but now most of these