You Have the Right to Remain Silent or Not

The first reason is that people trust confession is because of self-serving behavior and taking people at their face value (Kassin, 2005). The second reason is that detecting deception is a learned skill not a normal one that most people have. The third and final reason that people trust confession is that will being interrogated people can be coached what to say that aligns with the crime or they may overhear parts about the crime. Because of the amount of false confessions and the trust people put in believing them there needs to be some reform made in interrogation procedures. Three areas in particular need to be looked at and the first is the length of time for the interrogation. Many factors play a role in a person

Many of today’s interrogation models being utilized in police investigations have an impact on false confessions. The model that has been in the public eye recently is the social psychological process model of interrogation known as the “The Reid Technique.” There are two alternatives used by the police today to replace the Reid Technique, one is the PEACE Model and the other is Cognitive Interviewing. These methods are not interrogation techniques like Reid but interview processes.

When a law enforcement officer or other public employee is accused of potentially criminal conduct, they may face three different kinds of interviews or interrogations. If an officer is interviewed as a criminal suspect, they have the absolute right to decline to answer any questions, or to insist that they have a lawyer of their choosing to attend the interview. The first is type is during a criminal investigation; the second is during a disciplinary investigation and finally during the course of civil litigation where there has been damages. During a criminal interview, there is no professional, ethical or moral duty to participate especially without the assistance of an attorney to represent the officer under investigation. It has come to a surprise that many experienced officers will waive their right to silence and give the investigators an audio recorded statement. Some of the inexperienced criminals do not make incriminating statements. The motive for cooperation is to avoid unfavorable publicity.

When questioning witnesses of a crime, detectives may choose a specific technique; one technique is the Reid Technique. The Reid Technique is a multi-step questioning method that pressures the witnesses or the accused to admit to the crime. It is used in North America. According to Professor Brent Snook, a psychologist at the Memorial University in Newfoundland, the Reid Technique is “Starsky and Hutch”, where two hot head detectives “beat up” their suspects to encourage them confess (http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/11/25/youre-guilty-now-confess-false-admissions-put-polices-favourite-interrogation-tactic-under-scrutiny/). This paper will examine the steps of the Reid Technique, as well as reveal substantial evidence that this technique should be banned. This technique has led to false confessions. Not only does this mean that someone has been punished that isn’t guilty, but it also means the real criminal has not been found and punished. The arguments against the use of this technique are the following:

Police interrogate suspects on a daily basis, but how can they tell if the confession is real? We have all heard, at one time or another of someone confessing to a crime they didn’t commit. Then your next thought is “I would never confess to something I didn’t do”. The only way you can be a 100% sure of that is if you have been through an interrogation before. This paper is going to define “confession” and tell how an innocent person will confesses to a crime they didn’t commit. This paper will also show the history of interrogations.

When a court decides whether or not to issue a search warrant, the elements of the informant’s credibility/reliability and basis of knowledge are to be used as guides when considering the totality of the circumstances and are

This method is used exactly the same on both adult and juvenile offenders and it not adjusted to the fit the differences between them. PEACE is a form of investigative interview that is formulated to acquire information rather than gather a confession from a suspect. PACE required all interrogation conducted by police to be recorded. The differences between youths and adults is recognized by PACE and an adult is mandatory to be present during the interrogation of a juvenile. (Feld, 2013)

All suspects are interrogated effectively. And within the laws so everything or at lease most will be able to use in court.

The most common type of interrogation techniques that law enforcement tends to use is the Intimidation factors (Costanzo, M, & Krauss, pg35). They believe that they can intimidate a suspect into confession. Another common technique used is psychological coercion, this consist of leaving no physical marks on the suspect such as pushing the suspect head down inside the toilet, almost drowning the suspect, making the suspect stand for long hours, withholding food and water, and

In an investigation, an investigator must find ways to recreate an event that had taken place. In order to do so an investigator must talk to witnesses and victims of the crime. Witnesses could include those who either heard or saw something. Many witnesses may not come forward so an investigator may need to ask people who live around the area or people who work around the area where the event took place. An event can also be recreated from the evidence that was gathered from the scene of the crime. With both the statements from the witnesses and the victims along with the evidence from the scene, the investigator must put all of the pieces together and recreate the event that had taken place (Adkisson, 2011).

First, it is important to recognize that in both criminal and HUMINT investigations, interrogation typically takes place at a time when there has been no judicial determination that the person being interrogated is guilty of a crime or possesses useful information. Thus, given the considerable resources that may be invested in the interrogation process, especially for intelligence interrogations, one could argue that it is important to have an effective screening process in place to ensure that only those individuals with a relatively high potential for responsibility and/or knowledge

insurance when in fact it was the opposite. The detective must recognize any discrepancies in the interview and can read body language. For example, Mariana notices something was up when he started to stall. That is why she was so authoritative

It is pertinent during the preparation phase of an investigation, as well as the examination and documentation phases. Furthermore, these interviews are being conducted to gather information regarding the case to ensure the digital forensic investigator may plan their investigation accordingly. However, if a digital forensic investigator does not take time to prepare for the case, than they may overlook a crucial piece of evidence. Therefore, it is necessary that digital forensic investigators understand the interview process and how victims, suspects, or witnesses would react to questioning (UMUC, 2015). Accordingly, this document provides information regarding the material obtained from an interview, the interview methodology, and the recording methods that may be utilized during an

2. There are many ways that improvement can be made in questioning of victims and eyewitnesses. The line of questioning should be slowed down so that the memory can accurately recall the stored information. The police can help set the stage to recreate original information to help the victims and eyewitnesses remember the environment. Questions should fit the witness or victim. The victim or witness should be the center of the interview not the other way around. Police should respect when an answer is incorrect and have some sensitivity. The final improvement that can be made is not to judge prematurely the victim or eyewitness.

One of the best training programs to implement into the police department is the Reid interrogation techniques. Interrogation and interviewing techniques became popular in 1947 by John E. Reid and Associates. Joseph P. Buckley stated that “The Reid Technique of Interviewing and Interrogation is now the most widely used approach to question subjects in the world (Buckley P. J., 2000).” There three- parts to the Reid process for solving a crime. The first stage that should be taking is to collect and analyze relative information from the crime scene thing that offers insight to the possible suspect and determine the direction an investigation should take. The second stage of the process interviewing people of interest using Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) (Buckley P. J., 2000). The Behavior Analysis Interview is a non-accusatory process that allows detectives to interview a suspect using a question and answer procedure to provoke a suspect to show non- verbal truthfulness or deception. The third stage, if the offender has not admitted to the crime an accusatory interrogation is administered (Leave no marks, 2007). The Reid interrogation technique is believed to be a fail proof technique ,however, there are some reservations against using this technique on juvenile offenders (Constitutional Law(n.d). Implementing the Reid technique into the police departments learning curriculum will truly