Zebrafish Experiment

Introduction: In this frog population, traits such as eye color, skin color, and the presence or absence of spots are coded for by DNA. The nitrogenous bases in a strand of DNA make up an organisms genotype. The physical expression of the genotype is the phenotype.

Figure 4. This graph depicts the average allele frequency of male cichlid fish when a mutation that goes from recessive to dominant arises within the population at a rate of 0.001. The average value over five trials is shown to be 0.318.

Loss of genetic diversity in natural populations has often been attributed to a severe reduction in population size. Testing of nine loci in three heavily fished areas concluded that all loci that were strongly polymorphic in the 1982 study showed a reduction in heterozygosity with the exception of one

If your offspring genotypes include 1 GG, 2 Gg, and 1 gg, the ratio would be: 1 GG : 2 Gg : 1 gg

---If given traits and parents, be able to use a Punnett square or patterns to predict the probability of offspring for a given cross and express it as a fraction, percent, or ratio.---

This study was undertaken in order to compare the heterozygosity of three Lake Trout populations at various loci. Samples of twenty-five Lake Trout were collected from three lakes: Devil, Eagle and Loughborough, all three of which are situated north of Kingston, Ontario. An autoradiograph was used to analyze the genotypes of the individuals at six different loci of microsatellites, which are repeat sequences in the DNA that are neutral and do not code for proteins. This data was used to compare the genetic diversity of the three different trout populations. Numerical

One specific species the author speaks about is the icefish. Scientists find these creatures in the arctic ocean and what intrigued many of them is that the fish’s blood was colorless. This confused many of them because at the time it was known that all vertebrates have red blood cells with the respiratory pigment hemoglobin. When one scientist examined the fish’s blood, he discovered “that the gene two that normally contain the DNA code for the globin part of the hemoglobin molecule have gone extinct” (Carroll 23). Now the one gene for the globin is still in the DNA, however it is not usefully what so ever and the second gene has completely disappeared from

Biodiversity is life’s variety. It is the varying genetics that each species carries that makes it different and “unique”. Biodiversity is important, not only in evolution, but in survival; when sometimes those terms can mean the very same thing. Interestingly, biodiversity can mean a variance in the life itself – or within the genetics of a species. In keeping breeding habits within the same lineage, some animals risk lower biodiversity and sometimes even deformities and disease, as they are able to more easily pass on unfavorable hereditary traits. In increasing the overall biodiversity, the only risk is a

This lab had 2 exercises. Exercise 9.1 involved observing pictures of 60 F2 offspring and recording the phenotypes for 6 different traits. Exercise 9.2 required us to perform the “chi-square test” to determine whether the data we collected matches the standard Mendelian ratio.

11. The progeny of a Drosophila female (heterozygous at three loci: y, ct, and w) crossed to a wild type male are listed below:

Albinism is a genetic condition caused by an autosomal recessive gene that affects normal pigmentation in animals. In Neotropical freshwater fish fauna, albinism cases are extremely rare, with only 14 species recorded among more than 6000 described. Here we describe the first reported case of albinism in the South American catfish Imparfinis mirini. The albino fish was collected in July/2016 with a seine net in a stream in southeast Brazil. Although albinism can decrease the chance of fish survival, the cryptic and nocturnal habits of this species and the low amount of piscivorous fish and birds in the stream may have favored its growth. Two possible explanations for the appearance of the albino fish were discussed: a genetic disorder caused

Zebrafish can be used in research as an alternative to mammalian species. It has been successfully utilized in developmental biology, a discipline that often employs molecular biology and genetic methods. As a result of the past three decades of intensive investigation with zebrafish, this species has become one of the favourite model organisms of geneticists. It is a complex organism with brain anatomy, neurophysiology, and molecular characteristics like nucleotide sequence of its genes are highly similar to those of other vertebrates including mammals. On the other hand, it is small, easy and cheap to maintain in the laboratory and has been highly amenable to high-throughput screening (e.g. forward genetic or drug

When breeding, many male reef fishes display bright and showy color patterns. Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of this strategy.

When discussing the topic of genetics, it is typically viewed from the perspective of Mendelian inheritance in which genes are transmitted from parent to offspring solely through the use of genetic alleles, which are the alternative form of genes that have varying DNA sequences and chromosomes that affect the phenotype, visual gene trait (Toth. 2015). If and how a genetic trait is expressed is whether the alleles for that trait are dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles are genes that have a higher probability of being expressed in the offspring than a recessive allele. In the case of dominate alleles; there are two possible combinations that its gene can still be expressed with, homozygous (which contains two dominant alleles) and heterozygous (which contains a dominant and recessive allele). On the other hand, recessive alleles can only be expressive if it is homozygous (which contains two recessive alleles) (Reece et al. 2013).

3. Carlson, Elof Axel. Mendel's Legacy: The Origin of Classical Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2004. Print