The poem Beowulf has been passed down various societies for multiple generations. First spread by word of mouth- and later transcribed, translated, and transformed into various forms of literature and media; we know that their is not one true Beowulf. As Professor Martin Foys said, each Beowulf gets the version it deserves. These various adaptations led to differing tales of the conquests of Beowulf. The first of the three agons that takes place in the poem is Beowulf’s clash with Grendel. Seamus Heaney’s new verse translation and Robert Zemecki’s movie adaptation portray this clash in differing ways, and a large cause is Grendel’s physical appearance. Heaney’s depiction of Grendel as a monster far removed from humanity serves to portray the …show more content…
In Heaney’s new verse translation of Beowulf, Grendel is described as a monster of “Cain’s Clan” (ll.106) that hailed from the borders of the Dane’s land. This helps to identify Grendel, the most ambiguous character in the story, as a partially human demonic creature. However, Heaney chooses to represent Grendel as a monstrous creature in his translation, with a head that took a task of four to joist on a spear (1637-1638) and an arm with claw-scales, spurs, and spikes (983). This serves to set up a clash of humanity versus monstrosity when Beowulf duels with Grendel Meanwhile in the movie adaptation we see Grendel as a deformed humanoid figure, an invasion of the category human. This is due to him being a half-breed bastard of Hrothgar and his mother. His half-breed nature is represented by his unfinished body with his organs and veins showing. His body is abject- meaning that what what we cannot understand, we put further away from ourselves. Removing Grendel’s lineage of Cain further serves to remove the implication that he is a true monster. We can immediately compare how our visual description of Grendel in Heaney’s translation creates a different Grendel from that of Zemecki’s film adaptation. Heaney’s description makes us see Grendel as a battle hardened creature that is full of rage and hate in his heart. On the other hand, Zemecki’s half-breed Herot is a creature who …show more content…
Specifically in Heaney’s translation, while Grendel was roaming the Danish lands, he heard the din of the poet in Herot singing the song of creation- Grendel's song of exile. This is what causes Grendel to come and attack Herot in the night. The use of the word prowler is a term that helps to animalize Grendel and portray him once again as a monster. Contrary to this, in Zemecki’s movie adaptation, we first encounter Grendel in his mothers den. Grendel once again hears the celebration of the Danes, however in the movie Grendel’s ears are a weak point and a spot of vulnerability that we do not see in the poem. The celebration of the poem does not anger Grendel, it hurts him physically. This physical violence is done to Grendel first and causes him to attack the Danes in Herot. Grendels ears are a responsive membrane, meaning he hears things that humans do not, that humanize him instead of depicting him as a monster as in the poem. The physical differences of Grendel’s ears in the poem and movie cause a differing chain of events in the attack of Grendel in Herot and his subsequent fight with Beowulf. Finally the descrption of how Grendel attacks Herot in the story and the portrayal in the movie distinguish more differences in the appearance of Grendel that change our perception of him. In Heaney’s translation, Grendel “grabbed thirty men from their resting places and rushed to his lair” (**). This frames
We are introduced to Grendel and his mother in the poem, Beowulf, and come to consider them to be monsters because they eat people without defeat. The only man who can kill them is Beowulf because Beowulf is known to have the strength of many men in each of his hands. Grendel and his mother are described as huge, indestructible creatures that terrorize the humans. In the novel, Grendel, we learn that Grendel may not be such a monster after all. Grendel has the ability to understand and communicate with humans, and he desires connections with them although the humans are afraid of him. Grendel and his mother are outcasted by the humans because of their physical appearance and obvious strength, but Grendel appears to
In the Epic Poems Beowulf, by an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, and Grendel written by John Gardner, Grendel, regardless of what he does, has been seen as unsafe to man. Grendel, perceived as treacherous, is just misunderstood and an outcast to society. The back story of Grendel is crucial to the reader’s understanding of Grendel becoming a monster. Grendel’s life experiences of his environment, men and meeting a dragon contribute to the drastic change.
Grendel is an unreliable narrator in John Gardner’s book Grendel, which describes his life journey to find truth about humanity and himself. Grendel does not display the qualities of an impartial, authoritative, and unbiased narrator in the story, but instead gives the reader cause for suspicion in his narration of events. Firstly, Grendel is inherently biased as a narrator because it comes from the first person point of view. Grendel has a bias to favor himself more positively in the events that transpire over the course of the novel. He displays personal interest and is directly involved in the conflicts that arise. Moreover, Grendel antagonizes and tortures the humans over the course of twelve long years and can lessen his guilt by being deceptive to the reader. He diverts blame for
In the novel Grendel, the main character is portrayed as a half human, half murderous creature. Because of his horrific characteristics, he is isolated and constantly misunderstood. Ironically, John Gardner writes in a way that has contradicted material that still makes sense and allows readers to understand Grendel. There are paradoxes throughout the novel that supplements the complexity of Grendel. Gardner uses irony to show that Grendel is a paradox and as a result of misinterpretation by others, he is left to live a life of isolation.
Beowulf is a great piece of Anglo-Saxon literature that can be, and has been, translated in multiple ways. Of the many outstanding translations, two of which are by Burton Raffel and Seamus Heaney, different ways of writing are portrayed. Grendel’s description is written quite differently in both translations. Heaney’s translation is more similar to the Anglo-Saxon style of writing than Raffel’s translation.
Disregarding the proofs of humanity, Grendel himself still refers to himself as somewhat of a monster. Through the majority of his actions, most would agree. For example, “...Hrothgar’s meadhall, Still sleep, killed two guards so I wouldn’t be misunderstood, and left.” (pg.90) Grendel terrorizes humans across the land and sees them as if they were only something to hunt and eat. Another trait that could be considered monstrous, is the fact that most living creatures including man and animal fear him just by glance as described in the passage “ The doe in the clearing goes stiff at the site of my horridness, then remembers her legs and is gone.”(pg.7). This is because of his physical traits. He has sharp jagged teeth, he’s covered in hair, and he is otherwise consider something more closely resembling that of an animal rather than a human. but, when you look at the bigger picture, humans can almost be considered worse.
The novel Grendel, by John Gardner, gives the reader an inside look on the “monster… demon… [and] fiend” (Beowulf, 99) who, in Beowulf (translated by Burton Raffel), seems only capable of destruction, sneaking around in the night and killing soldiers off by the dozen. Grendel is a non-human entity who possesses human characteristics; no one truly knows who or what he is. He is monstrously huge, absurdly strong, and insatiable (he has been murdering for approximately twelve years). He is a “[monster] born of Cain, [a] murderous [creature]” (Beowulf, 105-106). He lives with his mother in a swampy marsh that is secluded by a “pool of firesnakes” who guard “the sunken door” to the strange world of humans (Grendel, 16). Beowulf does not provide any information of where he came from or any history about him, except that he is a pre-cursed, wicked being with no conscience. This seems like a biased assumption because the story
In the epic of Beowulf, one of the warrior’s biggest adversaries is a creature from the swamp named Grendel. Although the character of Grendel is present for only a short portion in the story of Beowulf, Grendel signifies one of the important messages in the text about humanity. In Beowulf, Grendel is called a ‘monster’. However, if observed closely, analyzing the meaning behind the story, it is easy to see that Grendel is not a typical monster, in fact, it doesn’t seem like he is a monster at all. There is much evidence within the short period of the text where Grendel is present, which indicates he is
“And a clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of man’s beginnings how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters.” This is describing the songs coming from the halls of Heorot. Grendel is forced to listen to the songs, they slowly torture him and exploit his yearning to be accepted through God’s
The poem does not give this insight of what happens before, or from Grendel's point of view. Seeing this scene in the movie gives the audience a better understanding of why Grendel and also his mother attack the Danes. Later in the movie Beowulf says, "He's no more human than you and I", which is true. If the Danes didn’t kill Grendel's father, the outcome of the story could have possibly been changed because Grendel would have had a different life and not seek revenge on the Danes, specifically the one who Grendel had seen kill his father. In the poem Grendel fights Beowulf, rather than avoiding Beowulf most of the time in the movie. In the poem, Grendel is seen as an evil monster that kills and eats the Hrothgar warriors and cannot be penetrated by weapons, rather than just human, or troll, like the movie. When the battle with Grendel occurs in the poem, it is said that Beowulf had cut off his arm to defeat him. While in the movie, Grendel finds himself stuck hanging, and must cut off his own arm to escape from Beowulf and his men. Both the movie and poem result in the death of Grendel, eventually leading to the revenge of his mother.
The story of Beowulf is a heroic epic chronicling the illustrious deeds of the great Geatish warrior Beowulf, who voyages across the seas to rid the Danes of an evil monster, Grendel, who has been wreaking havoc and terrorizing the kingdom. Beowulf is glorified for his heroic deeds of ridding the land of a fiendish monster and halting its scourge of evil while the monster is portrayed as a repugnant creature who deserves to die because of its evil actions. In the epic poem, Beowulf the authors portrays Grendel as a cold-hearted beast who thrives on the pain of others. Many have disagreed with such a simplistic and biased representation of Grendel and his role in the epic poem. John Gardner in his book, Grendel set out to change the
Having multiple chapters of the poem dedicated to the monster Grendel, you would get the idea that he is of some importance in the epic poem. The poem storyline is majorly dedicated to monsters since the storyline is pretty much separated into three different story arcs. Grendel is described as a sin stained demon. “They have seen my strength for themselves. Have watched me rise from the darkness of war. Dripping with my enemies’ blood. I drove five great giants into chains, chased all of that race from earth, I swam in the blackness of night, hunting monsters out of the ocean, and killing them one by one; death was my errand and the fate they had earned. Now Grendel and I are called together, and I’ve come.” (Beowulf page 36). Grendel was the first monster to be introduced in the story and from the time he was introduced and the time he was defeated by Beowulf, Grendel was killing and terrorizing the Danes every day and night. When Beowulf got their he told the danes he was there to defeat the mighty beast Grendel. The King of Danes Hrothgar welcomed Beowulf and threw him a big party of sorts through the night. That was when Beowulf has the
It may be that at one point Grendel was a human much like Beowulf. "Yet, so as to save his life, he left behind his hand, his arm and shoulder" (957-959). He has the appearance of a man and he has a mother, but the humanness of Grendel has disappeared, and what remains is a creature that as the text says, "the Creator had condemned." Instead of saying that Grendel was just a real bad guy, through these descriptions, he has taken on a supernatural or mystical quality. God was even concerned enough to curse Grendel for his atrocities.
In Seamus Heaney’s translation of Beowulf, Grendel is nothing but an evil fiend that needs to be slain, “a fiend out of hell, began to work his evil in the world” (Heaney 9). Grendel is portrayed as an evil monster that has only been wreaking havoc and terrorizing a kingdom for an extended amount of time because it thrives on the pain of others. Seamus states, “Malignant by nature, he never showed remorse” (Heaney 10). Grendel is made out to appear as little more than a monster, “insensible to pain and human sorrow” (Heaney 11). He is portrayed to have little to no human qualities, to be the furthest thing from
The story of Beowulf is a heroic epic, chronicling the distinguished deeds of the great Geatish warrior, Beowulf, who travels across the seas to rid the Danes of the evil monster Grendel, who has been inflicting destruction and terrorizing the kingdom. Beowulf is glorified for his heroic deeds of ridding the land fiendish monsters and stopping the scourge of evil, while the monster, Grendel, is portrayed as a repugnant creature who deserves death for its evil actions. However, many have disagreed with such a simplistic and biased representation of Grendel and his role in the epic poem. John Gardner in his book, Grendel, sets out to change the reader’s perception of Grendel and his role in Beowulf by narrating the story through Grendel’s point of view. John Gardner transforms Grendel, once perceived as an evil fiend in Beowulf, into a lonely but intelligent outcast who is actually quite similar to humans, due to his intelligence capacity for rational thought and his real, and at times irrational emotions. Gardner portrays Grendel as a hurt individual and as a victim of oppression, ostracized from civilization. Although the two works revolve around the same basic plot,, the themes and characters in Beowulf and Grendel are often different and sometimes contradictory.