Zirconium: Jacinth Stone On The Jerusalem Wall

Jade Stones “nephrite” are a mineral composed of magnesium, iron, and silicate of calcium. Usually, they are formed through extreme heat and pressure known as metamorphism. Surprisingly, it can be found on every continent in the world, including countries like New Zealand, Brazil, China (Sinkiang), Canada, Zimbabwe, and the United State. It can be found in serpentine rock, by mining, alongside riverbanks, and seashores. Due to its composition these stones are shaped and polished before it is used in massage ("Nephrite Jade Gemstone Information", 2014).

Experiment 55 consists of devising a separation and purification scheme for a three component mixture. The overall objective is to isolate in pure form two of the three compounds. This was done using extraction, solubility, crystallization and vacuum filtration. The experiment was carried out two times, both of which were successful.

The objective of this extraction experiment was to achieve a comprehensive understanding, as well as master the practice, of the technique of separating various individual components of a compound.

BOSTON, MA (June 23, 2014)—A world-class collection of jewels from ancient Nubia at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA), will go on view this summer in Gold and the Gods: Jewels of Ancient Nubia. The MFA’s collection of Nubian adornments is the most comprehensive outside Khartoum—the result of an early 20th-century expedition by the Museum with Harvard University. The exhibition opens on July 19, and includes works by Nubian goldsmiths and jewelers, who were among the most innovative in the ancient world. Featuring some 100 excavated ornaments dating from 1700 BC to AD 300, which will be on view in the Rita J. and Stanley H. Kaplan Family Foundation Gallery, the exhibition explores the royal tombs of kings and queens, which were filled with elaborate jewelry such as necklaces, amulets, stacked bracelets and earrings. The MFA is unique in its ability to mount an exhibition of Nubian jewelry and adornment drawn exclusively from its own collection. In addition to gold––Nubia’s most important commodity––jewelry in the exhibition incorporates precious materials such as lapis lazuli (imported from Afghanistan), blue chalcedony (imported from Turkey), amethystine quartz and carnelian, as well as enamel and glass––both of which were rare and valuable new technologies at the time. The exhibition is accompanied by a fully illustrated MFA Publication on Nubian jewelry.

T.D Judah was an American railroad and civil engineer who was a central figure in the original promotion and design of the first Transcontinental Railroad. Being that he was the main engineer he did most of the land surveying before the actual plan was devised. He was determined to find the best route for the railroad over the Sierra Nevada Mountains. In order to fund this massive project, Judah allied with the “Big Four”. The “Big Four” were: Leland Stanford, Collis P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker. These men managed financing and construction of the CPRR (Central Pacific Railroad). Up until the Civil War era, travel and commerce were both slow and messy for individuals that moved westward and wanted to sell their products back to the East. In 1862 and 1864, Congress pushed through two acts called the Pacific Railroad acts that created the opportunity for the East to be tied to the West. Although this war during the Civil War, Southern Democrats were not apart of Congress, which left the Northern Republicans in charge of its completion. Within a short amount of time, the Union Pacific Railroad Company and the Central Pacific Railroad Company received millions of acres of land, plenty of supplies, and large attraction in investments for the railroad 's development.

Zirconium ion has more stability than Zirconium atom because Zr ion consists of a stable valance electron. On the other hand, a Zr atom has two valence electrons; therefore it reacts more, because it can easily lose two electrons to a specific atom to become stable. The attraction between the balanced valence shell and its’ nucleus causes decrease in the atomic radius. Due to that attraction, the electrons and nucleus of the Zr ion are held tighter together than the Zr atom.

On October 13th, 1792, a group of 33rd degree Freemasons, including George Washington himself, placed the first stone for the soon to be highly recognizable White House, the cornerstone. But since that honorable day, no one has seen any trace of the legendary stone. Was it stolen? Or is it still there, waiting to be found? From researching every ounce of evidence and information, the most likely conclusion that was found is that somewhere, underneath all the pounds and feet of concrete and foundation, the White House cornerstone is there somewhere, waiting for it’s triumphant return.

Extraction: The extraction process of elements is continuously evolving. While new technology is released and more of copper’s properties are discovered and applied, the extraction processes are only becoming quicker, simpler, more efficient and more beneficial to both humanity and the environment. Copper is sometimes found in uncombined elemental

artifacts were made of stone, jade, and other ceramic materials. Jade was an expensive material

The Great Wall of China was made out of rocks and stamped earth in the beginning, and then lime workshop and bricks slowly started getting poplular.

Money, the treasure many individuals dedicate their life for. Called Euro in France, Peso in Mexico, or Yen in Japan, currency has been an important piece in history. Like that of the Yap people of Caroline Islands, Micronesia who used carved crystalline limestone for trade. Much like the one waiting to be discovered at the Bowers Art History Museum, the Stone Currency (Rai) dated to be created around the late 19th-Early 20th century.

Between 1863 and 1868, when Jebidiah Smith was first provided access to the Book of Gates and his interpretations of the Dlothian text was being recorded, the Seer Stone of Dloth given to him by the Eemian prophet Izal had dual benefits. Not only could he pass the glowing blue stone over the pages of the book to change the characters into English, but on the opposite side of the Seer Stone, as the translator stated, he could see pictures of ancient Yidath as it was during the Archean. Seeing the lost continent as it was some 4.5 billion years ago impressed Jebidiah Smith greatly, and as such in 1869, for numerous newspapers and prehistoric exhibits, he created the Yidathian Dioramas with models and impressionist landscapes he had noted in the

In the summer of 79 A.D., Mount Vesuvius erupted, earning its infamy by destroying Pompeii and many surrounding Roman towns in southern Italy. This volcanic disaster, considered one of the worst in history, buried the ancient Roman city of Pompeii under a carpet of volcanic ash. When archeologists and explorers rediscovered the site, they found that under the ruins, dust, and debris, Pompeii was fairly intact. The remains of the buildings, artifacts, and skeletons led researchers to piece together what daily life would have been like prior to the eruption. Author Robert Harris and director Paul Anderson both attempt to recreate this catastrophic event through their novel and movie, respectively, both given the title Pompeii.

Peridot is among the oldest known gemstones. The “topaz” on the breastplate of Aaron, High Priest of the Hebrews in the Old Testament, was believed to actually be peridot.

Over thousands of years, jewelry has been worn by many people. Whether to show beauty, wealth or belief there is no era that can compare to the jewels of Ancient Egypt. At the beginning of the kingdom, precious stones and metals were discovered and worn like never seen before. Unfortunately, the remaining Egyptian jewelry that is displayed in Museums today is only a small fraction of what actually existed due to grave robbers. Questions such as how jewelry started, how it was made and worn, what the symbolization of jewelry was and who were the people that wore jewelry in Ancient Egypt will be answered.