Zoology Chordata Vertebrates

Gas exchange in mammals is carried out through the lungs. But gas exchange actually occurs in the alveoli within the lungs.

The lung of mammals would not work very well for fish, because one breath underwater would fill them with fluid and make them useless. Nonetheless fish need oxygen to breath, too. In order

Secondly, the human body, crayfish, earthworm, and frog also have many similarities and differenced of how their respiratory system works. The crayfish respiratory system is the least complex. Crayfish have gills, which are used to release carbon dioxide and to pick up oxygen, by having a constant flow of blood. Frogs consist of nostrils and larynx, which opens up two lungs. The walls of the lungs are filled with capillaries. Capillaries are

Our mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus come together to form the digestive system which breaks down our food into simpler molecules. The food enters through the mouth, travels down the esophagus, breaks down in the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder and then moves through the intestines down to the rectum and anus. A pig’s digestive system is no different than a human’s. A foregut, midgut, hindgut, and a digestive gland form the digestive system of a crayfish. The foregut contains the stomach (partially breaks the food down), the

* How would you describe the structure and function of this animal’s respiratory system? Include any unique characteristics.

They have a single closed circulatory system consisting of a two-chambered heart. Blood is pumped from the heart to the gills and then the rest of the body and back to the heart.

Some contain a vascularized lung function in their branchial chamber to conduct gas exchange when on land; some breathe using gills on land if their gills are kept moist. Their digestive waste exits through the anal sphincter.

In their Respiratory system, the trachea allows the carbon dioxide filled air into the lungs,

Bullfrogs are just frogs. Bullfrogs have something different from fogs. Bull frogs can live up to 6-10 years. They can turn out to be really huge too. They sometimes look slimy too. There skin type would be permeable.

The air with then travel through the bronchi, which branches off into bronchioles. Each bronchiole has lots of very little air sacs called alveoli. Alveoli hold the gas and are the gas exchange site for exchange between the lungs and blood, and is what allows the oxygen to get into the blood, by being surrounded my lots of capillaries taking the oxygen away. This system is adaptation of the lungs. Additionally, there are is another adaptation of a humans gas exchange system, the first is ventilation or in short breathing.

How Do Sharks Hunt? Studies have shown that sharks will eat almost anything that is in the ocean, whether it is living or not. Although sharks will eat all sorts of things, they have the most superior hunting senses of all fish. Sharks have a variety of ways to catch and devour prey. Sharks can use their eyes, ears, and nose, electroreception organs, and they can use their lateral line system to hunt.

An international team of Scientists have discovered a new lineage of extinct plankton feeding sharks called pseudomegachasma. These sharks are said to have inhabited the warm oceans of nearly 100 million years ago. From data of newly collected fossil teeth, it is found that this new lineage of extinct sharks is very similar to the modern-day plankton eating megamouth shark. Lead Author professor Kenshu Shimada also states that these sharks would have evolved independent of the four known modern-day planktivorous cartilaginous fishes. These consist of the megamouth shark, basking shark, whale sharks, and manta rays. This discovery of the new lineage of extinct vertebrates is what makes this article completely relevant to the topic of week fourteen.

Order & Genus. The scientific order of all types of whales is Cetacea. This large order is broken down into three further groups as well: the toothed whales or Odontoceti, which includes killer whales, dolphins, porpoises, beluga whales, and sperm whales, the baleen whales or Mysticeti, which include blue whales, humpback whales, gray whales, and right whales, and the Archaeoceti order, which are all now extinct. The genus of these species is Orcinus orca.

In this experiment we dissected a frog. A frog is a tailless amphibian with short squat body. It has moist skin, and very long hind legs for leaping. Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivous. Its scientific name is Anura has a life span of 10 to 12 years. The frog habitat is in or near ponds. The eggs hatch out into tiny tadpoles which cling to the pond weed feather- like external gills on the side of the head. They eat the algae in the pond and other vegetable matter.

They have a system of tubes which carries oxygen to carbon dioxide away from the cells. The respiratory system of the honey bee is made up of a cycle of tubes called the trachea. For example higher groups or species of animals oxygen has been taken throughout the body by the blood, however in bees including all insects, blood cannot be used to transport oxygen, instead the trachea are used.Introducing the system of breathing tubes or tracheal for gas exchange, is associated with the outside world called the spiracles through which air is worn in and removed