Zabinski, F. M., Wilfley, E. D., Calfas, J. K., Winzelberg, A. J., & Taylor, B. C. (2004). An interactive psychoeducational intervention for women at risk of developing an eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, (5), 914-919. Retrieved February 4, 2005, from PsycINFO database.
The study explored the use of online involvement by using chat rooms, and message boards to deter eating disorders, and image dissatisfaction. Sixty women from a west cost university, who were all susceptible were chosen to participate in the study. They were randomly split into two groups, thirty in wait-list control, and thirty in intervention. The treatments occurred in three phases: improving eating behaviour, cognitive
…show more content…
However, this study was limited by the small sample size as well as the clinical population of girls. It needs to be broadened to include clinical and non-clinical populations of girls as well as boys.
Safer, D. L., Agras, W. S., Lowe, M. R., Bryson, S. (2003). Comparing two measures of eating restraint in bulimic women treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, (1), 83. Retrieved February 4, 2005, from PhyscINFO database.
The subject matter in this piece suggests that you need to have prior information about cognitive behaviour as well as bulimia nervosa. This makes the target audience for this study psychologists, and psychiatrists who specialize in the field of eating disorders as well as cognitive behavioural therapy. The study investigates the comparison of two different measures of dietary restraint and how they relate, and vary in many aspects. It also provides evidence that the Eating Disorders Examinations Restraint subscale (EDE-R) is more efficient in measuring changes in dietary restraint than the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Cognitive Restraint subscale (TFEQ-CR). Overall the piece was very thorough, and it even stated how it might be improved by more testing, and also by narrowing down the construct of dietary restraint, which would enhance the researchers understanding of people’s response to treatment.
Rodgers, W. M., Hall, C. R., Blanchard, C. M., &
People that are bulimic tend to go into a depressive stage because they have a greater fear of becoming over weight than any other person does. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires that binge-eating episodes and the accompanying compensatory behaviors occur at an average frequency of at least once a week for three months. (Abnormal Psychology; 338)
In 1981, a researcher named Fairburn conducted the first study applying cognitive-behavioral therapy to the treatment of bulimia nervosa. In a recently published report by D. L. Spangler (1999), CBT is touted as “a well-developed, theoretically grounded treatment for bulimia nervosa with the strongest empirical support for its efficacy of any form of treatment for bulimia nervosa.” Today cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy commonly used to treat patients with bulimia nervosa (BN).
The Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q; Fairburn & Belgin, 1994) is a 36 item, self-report measure of the core cognitive and behavioural features of eating disorders. It can be used in the diagnosis of Anorexia, Bulimia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (Allen, Byrne, Lampard, Watson, & Fursland, 2011). It can also be used to measure change in symptoms over the course of treatment. It is a parallel form of the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE; Fairburn & Cooper, 1993), a widely used semi-structured interview of eating disorder psychopathology, providing a more efficient and cost-effective
The advice and support of trained eating disorder professionals can help one regain one’s health, learn to eat normally again, and develop healthier attitudes about food and one’s body (Smith). The treatment of choice for bulimia is cognitive-behavioral therapy (Smith). The initial goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is to restore control over dietary intake. Cognitive-behavioral therapy principally involves a systematic series of interventions aimed at addressing the cognitive aspects of bulimia nervosa (Matthews 71). Breaking the binge-and-purge cycle is the first phase of bulimia treatment and restoring normal eating patterns. One learn to monitor one’s eating habits, avoid situations that trigger binges, cope with stress in ways that do not involve food, eat regularly to reduce food cravings, and fight the urge to purge. Changing unhealthy thoughts and patterns is the second phase of bulimia treatment that focuses on identifying and changing dysfunctional beliefs about weight, dieting, and body shape. Solving emotional issues is the final phase of bulimia treatment that involves targeting emotional issues that caused the eating disorder in the first
While the most important dissimilarities differentiating anorexia nervosa from avoidant / restrictive disorder, an overwhelming and severe fear of gaining weight and a disturbance in how an individual experiences their body shape and weight, are apparent, distinguishing bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa has proved to be the most challenging diagnostic difficulty. Bulimia nervosa is defined by “recurrent episodes of binge eating, recurrent compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain and self-evaluation that is unduly influenced by body shape and weight” and, therefore, the subtype of binge-eating / purging anorexia nervosa falls in the middle of the spectrum between the two disorders. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Adolescents afflicted with anorexia nervosa and/or bulimia nervosa, often share similar characteristics of family conflict, excessive conformance and regimentation of behavior, and interpersonal insecurity (Herzog et al, 1991; Strober, 1980; Strober et al., 1985). However, adolescents with restrictive anorexia, often maintain a lower body weight while the bulimic and binging anorexic patients tend to be more prone to higher levels of depression, family conflict, self destructive behavior and are usually more sexually active than restrictive anorexic patients (Fisher e al,
Eating disorders are complex, challenging, and sometimes life-threatening psychiatric illnesses. There are specific diagnostic criteria and symptoms a person must exhibit in order to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia. These symptoms primarily relate to a disturbance in eating pattern, weight loss, an intense fear of being fat, and a disturbed body image. The etiology of eating disorders is not clearly understood, but psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors need to be considered. The treatment approach for anorexia nervosa and bulimia is also challenging and can present with serious medical complications and potentially death if not properly addressed. Recovery is possible, and the case study of Jenni Schaefer, who suffered from anorexia nervosa, binge-purge subtype since her childhood is presented to share this message of hope. More research is needed to help further understand the characteristics, cause, and treatment of eating disorders.
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is most commonly found in women of teenage or young adult age (Herzog, D. B. (1982). This disorder can have very serious effects on the body. Some of these physical effects include “dental problems, inflamed esophagus, EEG abnormalities, abdominal or urinary disturbances, and changes in blood sugar level.” (Muuss, R. E. (1986). ) The mental and emotional tolls of this disorder can be equally as dangerous. According to Pompili, M., Girardi, P., Ruberto, A., & Tatarelli, R. (2006) individuals with bulimia nervosa are at a higher risk for committing suicide. To be diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa, according to the DSM 5, a person must experience episodes of binge eating along with harmful behaviors meant to compensate for the binging. These behaviors often include vomiting, exercising excessively, depriving oneself of food, or using medications inappropriately to achieve weight loss. dsm.psychiatryonline.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Lundgren, J. D., Danoff-Burg, S., & Anderson, D. A. (2004) a lot of research has been done on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating bulimia nervosa and it is widely believed to be the best treatment for the disorder. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is essentially the combination of cognitive therapy, designed to change unhealthy thoughts and schema, and behavioral therapy, designed to change
Conducted on Jul 10, 2016, XYZ executed a study on whether or not childhood psychopathology is affected in children of women with eating disorders. Two different age groups were examined; 48,403 children at the age of eighteen months old and 46,156 children at the age of seven years old. If a mother had multiple children, only the first born child was studied. The younger group was measured in cognitive, motor and language development, temperament, and attachment. The older group was given the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to determine where they were psychologically. The mothers had one of the following; anorexia nervosa(AN), bulimia nervosa(BN), both anorexia and bulimia, or no eating disorder(NED). The study concluded that
Eating disorders (ED) and body image issues are increasingly becoming more and more common among women in Western societies (Stice, 2002). Over the past couple years the prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) and has steadily increased, 3 out of 100 women that are now diagnosed with the disorder (Botta, 1999; Hesse-Biber et. al, 2006). This brings into question wether it is in fact BN that is increasing, our awareness or the rising numbers of other comorbid disorders in Western societies.
Bulimia and Anorexia are often confused amongst humans. Bulimic people may have many reasoning’s that support their causes for binging, and anorexic people also have reasoning’s that illustrate their causations of being anorexic. Appearance and self-esteem may play a major role towards people who may binge often, and people who are anorexic may just have a fear to eat based on their body figures. However, many confuse the two due to the similar meanings of body weight. This paper will analyze observations from different research studies that show’s various treatment outcomes, symptoms, behavioral interventions and causations for adolescent patients who have experienced bulimia and anorexia throughout the course of their life.
Adolescents and adults are hurting themselves trying to achieve the “ideal thin”. There has not been as much progress with eating disorders as there has been with other mental disorders, like anxiety and depression. In Wilson et al paper he listed one of the problems with treating eating disorder is, “Few doctoral programs in psychology in the United States off a systemic focus on eating disorders despite the wide spread interest among some of the most talented under graduate students aspiring to careers in clinical psychology (212)”. The three categories’ for eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise
Eating disorders are a serious issue people face in our society. A study put on the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, Involved 9,282 individuals. In this study, they resulted in 0.9% of women and 0.3% of men are suffering from anorexia nervosa,1.5% of women and 0.5%of men are suffering from bulimia, and 3.5% of women and 2.0% of men are suffering from binge eating. Anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating all differentiate but are detrimental to bodily functions. In which case there are certain classifications that qualify them as degrading bodily health.
The severity of the mental and physical effects of bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the shockingly high initial diagnostic and subsequent relapse rates prove that the current system in place for treating the disorder is inadequate and the consequences are enormously detrimental. The past research on the subject focuses on fasting behaviors common to anorexia nervosa and on sweet flavors, leaving much to be desired in the purge-binge cycle central to BN and the fatty but non-sweet flavors so often involved in the binging process. By surveying females ages 13-17 currently diagnosed with BN and a healthy control group of the same demographic, this study will first evaluate healthy and unhealthy food-related behaviors, focusing on binging and
Within Study 1 were two different groups of participants. The first group of participants were experts in the field of eating and weight disorders. The second group of participants were females with diagnosed eating disorders. The investigators initially developed a survey of 56 items covering 13 facets of loss of control eating. Investigators developed the initial items and facets by reviewing qualitative literature, and the test that were currently being used to measure binge eating and bulimia. The investigators sent the survey through email to 60 experts in the field of eating disorders and 34 experts responded. The experts were asked to examine the 56 items on relevance and clarity and to suggest additional items and ideas reflecting LOC-eating. The experts were asked for feedback on the working definition of the construct of LOC-eating. Expert feedback resulted in 18 items being added, 10 items being deleted, and 12 facets being retained within the LOCES questionnaire. Based on the feedback from the experts the following working definition for the study was
Bulimia Nervosa treatment led to many debates over which approach is most effective. Psychotherapy can be very helpful in addressing not only disordered eating, but also overall emotional health and happiness. The focus of psychotherapy treatment is to address the underlying emotional and cognitive issues that result in the disordered eating. Erford & Richards, (2012), have reported the efficacy of counseling or psychotherapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa. The study concluded that the effects did not last, and better results were obtained when medication was combined with psychotherapy” (p. 152).