Chapter 11 - Genetics & Meiosis Review Questions (w/ Answers)
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
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1. A trait is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. _________________________
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2. Gregor Mendel concluded that the tall plants in the P generation passed the factor for tallness to the F1 generation. _________________________
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3. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will sometimes show that trait.
_________________________
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4. True-breeding plants that produced axial flowers were crossed with true-breeding plants that produced terminal flowers. The
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The relative locations of each known gene can be shown on a ____________________ map.
Short Answer
29. Define genetics.
30. What attributes of the garden pea plant made it an excellent organism for Gregor Mendel’s genetic studies?
31. What might have caused Gregor Mendel NOT to conclude that biological inheritance is determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next?
32. How many recessive alleles for a trait must an organism inherit in order to show that trait?
RrYy
RY
Ry
rY
ry
RY
RRYY
RRYy
RrYY
RrYy
Ry
RRYy
RRyy
RrYy
Rryy
RrYy rY RrYY
RrYy
rrYY
rrYy
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Seed Shape
R – round r – wrinkled
Seed Color
Y – yellow y – green
Figure 11-2
33. What is the phenotype ratio of the offspring in the Punnett square shown in Figure 11-2?
34. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how many are expected to be tall and have yellow seeds?
35. What might happen if the gametes of a species had the same number of chromosomes as the species’ body cells? 36. How many sets of chromosomes are in a diploid cell?
37. Define homologous chromosomes.
38. What happens to the number of chromosomes per cell during meiosis?
39. Contrast the cells produced by mitosis with those produced by meiosis.
Chapter 11 - Genetics & Meiosis
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
2. ANS: T
3. ANS:
21. Assume that a couple has four children who are all boys. What are the chances their next child will also be a boy? Explain your answer.
---If given traits and parents, be able to use a Punnett square or patterns to predict the probability of offspring for a given cross and express it as a fraction, percent, or ratio.---
In order to test this hypothesis and prediction, an experiment was conducted using a heterozygous F1 generation of Brassica Rapa seeds. The seeds were planted, pollinated, harvested (F2 generation) and germinated for observation. When leaves were visible, phenotypes (green vs. purple) were counted and recorded. The experiment took place over 13 weeks, spanning the full semester of General Biology Lab I. The sections that follow will detail the materials and methods used, the results of the investigation and an in-depth discussion of the outcomes.
Recall from the background information that purple corn kernels are dominant and yellow kernels are recessive. The second ear of corn was the result of crossing two heterozygous ears of male purple corn (Pp x Pp). This is represented by the Punnett square below. Complete the Punnett square by writing the correct letters that correspond to each number indicated in the table. (4 points)
Imagine that you are crossing two plants that are heterozygous for flower color and seed shape. The dominant and recessive alleles for these traits are:
Based on my survey I feel that free earlobes, no hair present between second and third knuckles, straight hair line, curly hair and no cleft chin are the most dominant trait because they had the highest percentage.
Gathering Data on the Different Traits of the Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum), Organizing the Dominant/Recessive Phenotypes of 60 F2 Offspring and Determining Whether the Null Hypothesis is Rejected or Accepted Using the Chi-Square Test.
This Punnett square represents the offspring of a wild-type male and yellow female. The offspring outcomes of this square create a 2:2 ratio of 2 wild-type females to 2 yellow males. These outcomes correspond with
You are also provided with a heterozygous female, and a homozygous recessive male for a genetic cross. In this particular female, all the dominant alleles are on one chromosome, and the recessive counterparts are on the other homologous chromosome. Due to a chromosomal condition, in the female no recombination occurs between the M and N loci. Normal recombination occurs between the L and M loci. Diagram this cross, and show the genotypes and frequencies of all offspring expected from this cross.
Gregor Mendel was honorable for his many accomplishments. While experimenting with pea plants, he discovered the laws of inheritance. From this he made Mendel’s Laws of Heredity. He became the vice president of the National Science Society in 1868. He was later a nominee for the Order of Franz Josef in 1872. Finally he was awarded the Medal of the Heitzing Horticultural Society in 1882.
This table helps show all the possible genotypes from one set of parents. The table shows that the genotypes purple and starchy are dominant, and the genotypes yellow and sweet are recessive.(stallsmith)
This Punnet Square represents the F1 offspring breeding with each other to create more offspring. This second set of offspring is the F2 generation. If both parents are heterozygous dominant, then the offspring expected would be: 50% heterozygous dominant, 25% homozygous dominant and 25% homozygous recessive.
Natural selection, together with the rules of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel, stand at the basis of modern evolutionary biology.