chapter 18 study guide,

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are known as macronutrients as the body needs masses of these nutrient components in order to carry out the bodies’ essential functions.

16. Which of the following vitamins' main role is to help synthesize proteins that help blood clot?

2. For defense attorneys a “successful” case often means a reduction in sentence via a plea bargain, not

E1: Describe the main food groups that are essential to meet the basic needs of the body.

4. Endocrine function- Aids in the absorption of Vitamin D3 through “the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum” (Wound Care Centers, 2014). Without vitamin D, you can become lethargic. Sometimes it is called the “Winter Blues”. You don't get enough sunshine during the winter. It's kind of like hibernation- your body slows

(Sinno et al, 2011). It also helps in the transfer of white blood cells to the wound, improves resistance to infection and increases capillary strength. Since vitamin C is water-soluble, it is difficult to store it in the body, so a regular intake is necessary and dietary sources are green vegetables, potatoes, fruits like orange, kiwi and berries. (Timms, 2011).

However, his news article does not states the dangers of overdosing on vitamin D and is biased towards taking the supplements. Blackstone emphasizes that many of the people in the United States are lacking vitamin D, therefore, everyone should be eating enough or taking vitamin D supplements because the studies have proved it. Even though this article’s purpose is to inform the readers on vitamin D, Blackstone is not certified to say to people that Americans should be eating a lot of vitamin D just be safe. It is the job of a doctor or a dietician to be telling their patients how much of this essential vitamin they should take in a

Vitamin intake is a commonly overlooked necessity in basic nutritional health. What most people do not know is that certain vitamin deficiencies can cause many health risks and problems. Many people believe that are getting all the vitamins they need from their diet, however most of the time they are not. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is the low intake of Vitamin D. There are some vitamins that are produced by the body such as vitamin K; however some of the most important vitamins are not produced by the body. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that our body needs to function correctly that is not naturally produced by the body. Vitamin D can be consumed through

A fat-soluble vitamin D is an essential vitamin which works as precursor steroid in biological and metabolic processes happening in human body (1). Deficiency of Vitamin D has shown a verity of adverse psychological, skeletal and muscular health issues (2). Vitamin D deficiency rate has been increased remarkably from year 1994 to 2004. There are many factors responsible for this like sun avoidance & sunblock use which are mostly evident in athletes, and other factors like increase in obesity rates which causes sequestration of vitamin D (3). Deficiency of Vitamin D is linked with many musculoskeletal systems related health issues.

Vitamin D plays an important role in cell growth, immunity and metabolism. It is a fat soluble vitamin and exists in two main forms: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The difference is in their side chain structure and collectively, they are known as vitamin D. Vitamin D2 is mainly obtained from plant sources. Most of the vitamin D3 is produced in the skin through sunlight exposure and a small proportion is obtained from animal sources such as egg yolk, fatty fish and beef liver. However, the amount of vitamin D present in foods are found in very small amounts, therefore it is impossible to obtain the recommended level of vitamin D solely from the source of

Vitamin D can be harmful in large doses, probably starting at 2,000 IU a day, which can lead to kidney stones, kidney failure, and the deterioration of muscle and bone. But a daily intake of 1,000 IU is known to be safe.

The body produces vitamin D due to exposure to sunlight. There are few naturally occurring dietary sources.

The study also showed that Vitamin D deficiency decreased FEV1, especially during asthma exacerbations.4 Some weaknesses of this study may be that the surveyors compared the results obtained in their study to those studies that were done “in vivo”.4 The strengths of this study include the time span over which it took place as well as the amount of factors taken into account to retrieve the appropriate data necessary to make the conclusion that a deficiency of vitamin D is related to asthma exacerbations and poor lung function.

A type of nutritional supplement that is very important to the proper functioning of the human body is vitamins. The human body uses vitamins in small volumes; therefore, vitamins are labeled as micronutrients (“Nutritional Supplements,” 2008). One such vitamin that is considered to be a micronutrient is vitamin C or sometimes referred to as ascorbic acid. Like all vitamins, vitamin C has specific characteristics, which set it apart from other types of nutritional substances. Vitamins can be categorized as being either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins get their

Adequate intake is one of the five characteristics of a nutritious diet. One needs to eat a good variety of foods to make sure one’s intake is nutritionally adequate, and to get the right balance. It should provide the necessary nutrients, minerals, fiber and vitamins, sufficient enough to replace those which are used daily. No one food contains all the nutrients he or she needs. An example is seen in 3.0 ounces of a lean broiled t-bone steak containing 1.9 micrograms versus 1 cup of chopped raw spinach that contains 0 micrograms of vitamin B12. (A-26 & A-44) Vitamin B12 is needed to help carry oxygen throughout the body by healthy red blood cells. A deficiency in B12 causes Anemia, nerve damage, and memory loss.