conflict southern Sudan and future scenarios

North against South, Muslims against non-Muslims, brother against brother. The civil war in Sudan split the country apart, literally. South Sudan currently a mix of religion and North Sudan now a Muslim majority. This conflict has caused thousands of people to come to the United States over the past decade.

Sudan has known conflict for most of its existence. The discovery of oil in 1979 served to heighten this conflict as north and south fought over valuable resources. In more recent years human rights violations and genocide have occurred in unsurpassed numbers with the Sudanese governments support. Sudanese President Umar al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state with an issued arrest warrant by the International Criminal Court for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. In July 2011 southern Sudanese citizens voted to secede from Sudan and form the Republic of South Sudan in response to years of oppression by the Arab led Islamist government. South Sudan is now the worlds newest country and free to determine its own path

1,900,000 people are fit to be in the armed forces. 2.300,00 are able to fight. 0.97 females to males 8.6 unemployment rate. Rural population 15.78 urban population, 84%. The homicide rate is 1.6 per 100,000 people.41.5% of parliament is held by women. Have 200 people in the legislature. President is Sauli Ninnisto. 18 people per sq km

Across this region 14 different types of groups they are Amaangu, Ballardong, Yued, Kaneang, Koreng, Mineng, Nyakinjaki, Njunga, Pibleman, Binjareb, Warandi, Whaguk, Wilman and Wudjari. The population was estimated to between 6000 and some tens of thousands.

Rwanda is made up of three ethnic groups. Twa a small hunter-gatherer group make up one percent of the population. Twa is also credited for first settling there sometime between the 5th and 11th century. The Hutu who are the biggest group making up eighty-five percent of the population are believed to be closely related to the Twa. Lastly the Tutsi who make up fourteen percent of the country’s population. They are believed to have settled in Rwanda sometime

13. Fact: South Sudan has 20 different ethnic groups. This helps to explain why it is failing because: Too many ethnic groups in one state can lead to ethnic competition. Disputes over boundaries or distribution of power can cause the ethnic groups to declare independence and become its own nation-state, thus tearing the state apart.

The crisis in western Sudan has grown out of several separate but intersecting conflicts. The first is a civil war between the Islamist, Khartoum-based national government and two rebel groups based in Darfur: the Sudan Liberation Army and the Justice and Equality Movement. The rebels, angered by Darfur's political and economic marginalization by Khartoum, first appeared in February 2003. The government, however, did not launch a major counteroffensive until April 2003, after the rebels pulled off a spectacular attack on a military airfield, destroying several aircraft and kidnapping an air force general in the process. Khartoum responded by arming irregular militia forces and directing them to eradicate the rebellion. The militias set out

The country’s leadership was comprised of the two main tribe’s leaders. The first is President Salva Kiir Mayardit of the Dinka people which accounts for 15 percent of the country’s population. The other is Vice President Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon of the Nuer people who makes up 10 percent of the population. Shortly after gaining its independence, President Kiir fired his cabinet and Vice President Machar over allegations of a coup attempt. This led to ethnic and political indifferences between the Dinka and the Nuer. A peace deal was reached between both individuals a month later, but fell apart after a few days. This put South Sudan in a state of alert, with minor sporadic clashes between tribes up until the end of 2013.

The British came over to take control of Sudan in 1898, because they wanted the Suez Canal that was constructed in 1869 to be a part of the route that would help be a flourishing portion to India and to conserve their interests in Egypt. Sudan was a community ruled by the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, however, Egypt in reality had very scarce power over Sudan, because Egypt ruled as if it was alongside under the control of the British. The British did not have enough power to rule the entire country of Sudan while they attempted to have power over half of the world, so they had to split it up which is called the divide and rule policy. The separating of provinces slowed down the progression in their social and economical lives in Southern Sudan.

After years of fighting the North for our freedom the fight has finally ended. The North and the South finally decided that the best interest of sides was to end the war. The sides had agreed on treaty to end the war. It is a quite amazing time for the people of South Sudan. We are finally no longer under the control of people who brushed us off their shoulders. South Sudan is free and that is something to celebrate.

South Sudan is a land that has been dominated by external powers throughout the past two centuries. These external powers have contributed greatly to the South’s feelings of oppression and lack of development in the region throughout the years. South Sudan began the struggle for freedom during the early nineteenth century, when the Ottoman-Egyptian forces of Muhammad Ali made excursions south of Egypt to the land known as “Bilad Al-Sudan” or “land of the blacks”. Ali was in search of slaves in order to produce an army and successfully annexed the land by 1821. This excursion led to a fierce and firm rule right through the region. Although efforts were made to prevent the practice and trade of slaves along with the rule of the Egyptians, the attempts were largely unsuccessful all throughout the majority of the 1800’s.

South Sudan had gone through severe budgetary and economic problems related to oil production in January 2012 as notified by Erickson & Faria, (2011). The researchers stated that due to disagreement in the transit fees, austerity was adopted by the government of South Sudan. This decreased one third of government expenditure thereby exposing most of the population to face inflation that rose to 75 % (Grawert, 2010). The value of the South Sudanese pound decreased while the price of fuel and food were increased. As a result of this economic instability, the people of the country are faced with huge financial and economic crisis that further increased their anger towards the government, and heightening the prospects of rebellions.

South Sudan has not been its own separate country for very long. It gained its

In both Sudan and South Sudan had a lot of conflict over a number of things like over oil because even though South Sudan is rich with oil, both the countries are fighting about it, because of the differences in religion groups and ethnic groups which are people who support a certain group millions have died and been forced to move from their homes. And this all started when people from both sides had different thoughts and that led to a civil war which then led to the two countries splitting. Some tribes even had conflict over land . Some of the main people in these events were the government of Sudan and South Sudan, South Sudanese, and the president and his deputy. Some of these events and other events happened at different times. For

Ethnic minorities in BugalandiaBugalandia has three ethnics groups: Grumpians account for 65% of the population, Happians and Winarians evenly divide the remainder population. Grumpians is the mainstream ethnic within the government and the army.They got the right to lead the country after the Soviet Union disintegrated. Three ethnics have different languages and religious. Grumpians' language is the official language while the it is extremely diffucult for other groups to