corporate valuation training by JP Morgan

Trade-offs are often seen within the three types of costs listed above. Sometimes we must choose to spend our budget more heavily on appraisal costs so that we can try to

Part of the Earned Value Management technique is the monitoring of variances from the approved baseline of costs and schedule. The variances are useful in determining the overall project health and status.

may have used various techniques such as the quality, cost, time triangle to make a decision

While the method of this surveillance may use the BRFSS, there can be many more other methods that can be used. In evaluating a financial project, majority of the times the methods used during the evaluations will be quantitative, in order to prove financial gain (Makarova & Sokolva, 2014). The same quantitative method can also be used in two different ways within this project.

“Multiple-type analysis is a method of estimating the value of an asset by comparing it to the values assessed by the market for similar or comparable assets. For using valuation with multiples we need to:

Valuation is the estimation of an asset’s value, whether real or financial, based on variables perceived to be related to future investment returns, on comparison with similar assets, or, when relevant, on estimates of immediate liquidation proceeds (Pinto, Henry, Robinson, Stowe; 2010).

In this background paper, I intent to describe and discuss the three main assessment approaches used by the Property Valuation Services Corporation (PVSC), who currently assess all properties at market value in the Municipality of the County of Pictou, using standards provided by the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO) and legislated by the Province of Nova Scotia. I have found that the most common approach in our municipality, the direct comparison approach, is the approach I would suggest, if for any reason the Municipality of Pictou were limited to using one method. However, I believe all three options should be available as choices to accurately evaluate various types of property.

In this background paper, I intent to describe and discuss the three main assessment approaches used by the Property Valuation Services Corporation (PVSC), who currently assess all properties at market value in the Municipality of the County of Pictou, using standards provided by the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO) and legislated by the Province of Nova Scotia. I have found that the most common approach in our municipality, the direct comparison approach, is the approach I would suggest, if for any reason the Municipality of Pictou were limited to using one method. However, I believe all three options should be available as choices to accurately evaluate various types of property.

There are three primary routes to establishing a real estate property values and these methods differ significantly. The most common for residential real estate is the determination of market value or the sales comparison approach. This method utilizes sales data to determine what other similar properties in the local market have sold for. Another method of determining value is through a cost approach which is more typical in new construction. For example, when a contractor builds a new house or structure they might charge for the materials and labor that was used plus some amount of

This is one of the integral preliminary steps in evaluating a new technique. It defines framework for appraisal and determines issues of interest. The following steps are involved: -

Without the ability to rank the projects based off of cash flows solely, we had to use some analytical criteria as a capital budgeting analyst to provide some thorough support and reasoning for how we ranked the four best projects. In this case we are only using quantitative considerations that we deem to be relevant and no other project characteristics are deciding factors in our selection of the best four projects. When coming up with our calculations to rank

Value: improve value by balancing costs, time and function/quality of the project. Norton (1995:14) explains that there are three ways of gaining better value by implementing VM:

2. P art o f H amilton's e valuationw ill c onsisto f c omparingt he f irm's r atios t o

It also is a foundational step of the decision-making process. This methodology can be used in the environment or economic aspects in order to help the decision makers to evaluate and plan the sites that are suitable for building houses. In MCE, the decision alternatives have a preference order and use for evaluations and alternatives.For example, a high attribute value is better than the medium and medium is better than the low value, and this order can be also used in opposite. Attribute with a known preference order are called evaluation criteria (Timothy., & Nyerges. 2010). Criteria can be in different measurement scales. In mathematics, there are four measure types including nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. Even though, they might create a problem when evaluating the decision alternatives, this kind of problem can be overcome by criterion standardization which can transform all criteria measurements onto a common scale. For example, the data can be converted from ratio to interval data, and ratio and interval data can be converted to ordinal scale. However, this transition cannot be reversed.

Furthermore, the study involves multiple-case studies to understand the similarities, to explore differences and draw comparisons between case studies; with the goal to reproduce findings across the cases (Yin, 2003; Baxter and Jack, 2010). Baxter and Jack (2010) have suggested that placing boundaries on a case study by binding the case with a criterion such as time and place, also definition and context; provides an opportunity to ensure the study remains on the reasonable scope. Moreover, Mason (2002) stated that contextual factors robustly influenced values. According to Mason (2002, p.14), the context in the case of methodological strategies in value assessment refers to ‘physical, geographical surroundings; to historical patterns and narratives; and to the social processes with discernible impact on heritage and its conservation’. However, there is also the need to compare cases under a different context. Thus, the differences between each case studies allow us to comprehend how the innovations were being implemented in each unique