eig121

In the story Your Social Life: Are You a Fox or a Hedgehog? by Pamela Haag is basically compare the life style of a person to a fox and hedgehog. She explains how also is similar to the social life that we are facing today in this society. Haag tells that the fox social life is which he knows a lot of people but don’t really have that kind of confident with other. In the case of hedgehog is the opposite, he knows a lot and he can have some sincere conversations with his friends.

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Sedimentary rocks interpret dinosaur habitats through encased environmental structures of the past. Through sedimentary rocks, paleoecologists’ can examine the arranged formation of sedimentary structures to specify what type of environment the dinosaurs’ lived in. An example of a specific sedimentary rock structure can be seen through formed weathering and ripple marks by how wind and sand formed distinct patterns in the past layered sediment. These arrangements provide interpretations on the structure of the sediment and the habitat of encased fossils, through modern day comparisons

The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because amphibians that look dissimilar to fish were discovered in 365 million year old rocks, while fish without amphibian characteristics were discovered in 385 million year old rocks. Thus, it is possible that the evolutionary intermediary, or the “missing link” between fish and amphibians, would be discovered in 375 million year old rocks, between the two time periods. The rocks examined were sedimentary in composition, as the gradual and relatively gentle formation of sedimentary rock under conditions of mild pressure and low heat are conducive to the fossilization of animal remains. Sedimentary rock is also often formed in rivers and seas, where animals are likely to live. This site provides a resource that describes means by which fossils are formed and how the fossil record may be interpreted, and shows some examples of fossils demonstrating evolution through geological periods: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord.htm. In 2004, Shubin and his colleagues were looking for fossils on Ellesmere Island, in northern Canada. This location was chosen because of its lack of human development, as well as of obstructing natural formations and life forms such as trees, which

The hedgehog is also known as Atelerix Albiventris. The hedgehog is often found in Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand and is a mammal. The diet of the hedgehog is plants (omnivore). The hedgehog can grow up to 16-35 centimeters (6-14 inches). The weight of a hedgehog is 1-2kg (2.2-4.4lbs). The hedgehog can run up to 19km/h (12mph). The hedgehog usually lives to 3 to 6 years. The lifestyle of the hedgehog is solitary. The hedgehog is not endangered. It is a least concern. The hedgehog has three primary colors. These colors are: an, brown, and grey. The spikes are the hedgehogs skin type and defense. The hedgehogs’ favorite food are insects. The habitat of the hedgehog is usually in dense vegetation and woodlands.

The dumpy gene consists of seventy eight different coding exons (Carmon, 2010). In this large protein, contains the ZP - domain which has two other proteins, Piopio and Papilotte. The Dumpy, Piopio, and Papilotte proteins have functions that affect the wing development and tubulogenesis. Tubulogenesis, without the presence of its primary proteins, would not branch properly and produce hollow junctions (Denholm, 2003). The particular functions are important in the altering of phenotypic characteristics of the mutant dpyolv and dpyo2. The dpyolv and dpyo2 mutation is found in exon 11 or in the corresponding intron (Carmon, 2010). These mutations are caused by missense mutations in exon 11 that result in multiple phenotypes of D. melanogaster. These phenotypes are in conjunction with loss of function alleles that cause certain appendages to be unusable. The wings on dpyo2 may be due to a combination the dumpy gene along with another gene that affects the length and size of the wings. These two genes interacting would cause the shorten wings with the oblique wing shape, unique to the dumpy gene. As for the dpyolv, the phenotype is expressed by exons tagged by nonsense mutations. The vortices on the thorax near muscle insertions are more prominent because the mutation directly affects a specific region in D. melanogaster. And the

The Elegance of the Hedgehog starts off simply enough: you are immediately thrown into the world of Karl Marx and a ramble on the societal expectations of being a fifty-four year old concierge at a prestigious apartment full of bourgeois families that simply cannot know that the woman, Renée Michel, is an autodidact—an enthusiast of

Vertebrates, including mice, have Hox genes that are homologous to those of the fly, and these genes are clustered in discrete locations with a 3'-to-5' order reflecting an anterior to posterior order of expression. There are several differences between the mouse and fly Hox genes, however. One obvious difference is that there are more Hox genes on the 5' side of the mouse segment; these correspond to expression in the tail, and flies do not have anything homologous to the chordate tail. Another difference is that, in the mouse, there are four banks of Hox genes: HoxA, HoxB, HoxC, and HoxD. Vertebrates have these parallel, overlapping sets of Hox genes, which suggest that morphology could be a product of a combinatorial expression of the genes in the four Hox clusters.

To answer the question of whether the Hox genes globally pattern vertebrates, the scientists looked at loss of function mutants of Hox10 and Hox11. This method was created by the researchers because in mice, groups 3-9 are redundant with each other. Hox genes

Moreover, this sexual dimorphism was also seen in mice in the study by Zheng and Cohn (2011) suggesting the dimorphic nature of the 2D: 4D in males and females. The dimorphic nature of the 2D:4D is assumed to be established during prenatal development and is stable after two years of age (Galis, Ten Broek, Van Dongen & Wijnaendts, 2009). The objective of this lab will be to determine whether the ratio of the second digit to the fourth digit is sexually dimorphic.

This hedgehog is generally common, it is a well known species, and it is a favorite in European gardens for it’s appearance they mostly eat on slugs, earthworms, beetles, caterpillars, and other insects. Another European animal is known as a European mole, common mole, or the northern mole. The European mole lives in an underground tunnel system, they live in those underground tunnels so they can hunt their prey. They mainly eat earthworms, they also eat insects, centipedes, they even eat mice and shrews. The climate is a cool summer humid multicultural. This climate is mostly categorized in Central and Eastern Europe, this climate is mostly found in Main and Michigan. But in Western Europe, their summers are mild, but the winter is colder and snowfall is a common

The Paleozoic era age approximately 300 million years (542 mya to 251 mya). This time period consists of two of the most important events in the history of animal life. In the beginning, multi celled animals underwent a dramatic explosion in diversity, this resulted in almost all living animal phyla appearing within a few million years. At the other end of the Paleozoic, it withstood the largest mass extinction in all of history. This event wiped out approximately 90% of all marine animal species. The causes of both these events are still not fully understood. Halfway in between this time period, animals, fungi, and plants began to colonize the land, insects emerged, and the limestone was deposited near the Burlington, Missouri area. During

Hedgehogs—spiny, solitary mammals that are a part of the Erinaceinae subfamily—have seventeen known species that can be found in various areas of Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand. Like most mammals, hedgehogs are nocturnal animals that sleep under grass, rock, bush, or in dens, and can be mostly found around hedgerows. The name “hedgehog” originated around 1450 from the Middle English term heyghoge—heyg (hedge) from digging in hedges, and hoge (hog) from its pig-like nose. A hedgehog’s spiny appearance resembles that of a porcupine, causing people to believe that the two are from the same family. Porcupines are a part of the family Hystricomorph Hystricidae, which is unrelated to the hedgehog. Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their spines, which do not come out of their bodies easily—like a

My outside source for questions 3 and 4 is a journal by Pat Shipman titled Fossils. This journal was published in The New Scientist Vol. 215, Issue 2876, p. 8-16.

These techniques led to the discovery of the boundary between the two eras. A single thin layer of clay found within predominantly limestone rocks established this. By comparing the marine life found in, above, and below the clay, the marine life, like the dinosaurs, had been terribly affected by the extinction event. The percentage of life in the upper layers was dramatically lower than that in the lower. This was far more compelling than what was suggested by dinosaur’s fossils.