Knowledge Objectives
Define organizational diversity and distinguish between affirmative action and diversity management.
Distinguish multicultural, plural, and monolithic organizations.
Describe the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population and explain their implications for the composition of the workplace.
Discuss general changes in the United States that are increasing the importance of managing diversity effectively.
Understand why successfully managing diversity is extremely important for high-involvement work organizations. Discuss the various roadblocks to effectively managing a diverse workforce.
Describe how organizations can successfully manage diversity.
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Diversity Defined
A characteristic
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Common Stereotypes
Women
People with Disabilities
White Men
Black People
Japanese Men
Jewish People
Athletes
Accountants
Arab People
Adapted from Exhibit 2-4: Common Stereotypes
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Stereotyping – Difficult to Stop
• Tough to dispel
• Guide what information we look for, process and remember
• Seems to be an enduring human quality – everyone has some stereotypes
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Women, Work and Stereotypes
• While things have improved, are there still gender issues in the workplace?
• Are the issues faced by the women in the text unique and unusual?
• What are your thoughts about the survey conducted by Elle and MSNBC.com?
Experiencing Strategic OB
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Social Identity
A person’s knowledge that he or she belongs to certain social groups, where belonging to those groups has emotional significance. Key Points:
Person’s social identity becomes more salient and noticeable when in the minority on an important dimension
Having a social identity different than the majority may make people feel they have to behave in ways that are unnatural for them in certain contexts
Minority group members often fear losing their social identity
People often evaluate others based on their membership in social groups
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Sample Self-Identity Structures
Adapted from Exhibit 2-5: Sample Self-Identity Structures
* Watch the video titled “Diversity’s real power” (2 min 6 s) from Management Tips with Todd Dewett, located at http://www.lynda.com/Business-Business-Skills-tutorials/Diversitys-real-power/126132/174433-4.html?org=strayer.edu. Investigate two to three (2-3) reasons why diversity is important to an organization’s
Three ways of gaining executive commitment to diversity are to gather data and to assess the organizations current commitment to diversity to show where and why there is a need for change. The development of diversity council can also garner executive support because it offers a way for executive members of an organization to have a dialog with other members of an organization about diversity. Systematic changes are also necessary such as hiring from a diverse roster of candidates when filling a position. (Moodian, 2009,
Racial identification is harder than ethnic identification for most people to avoid. To explain this, in “Racial Identities” in the
Identity’s Toxic Relationship With Society Identifying identity is a trying task in its own. Of course, it can not be narrowed down or oversimplified. Most people are not exactly the same, in fact, almost none are. Yet, we rely on our identities to find people to connect, share, and even identify with. Who we are and who we want people to see depends too much on society in this day age.
Regardless of how diversity is defined, it is an issue that is sweeping the nation. By the 21st century, racial and ethnic minorities will constitute 25% of the U.S. population, affecting the makeup of the U.S. labor force (7). By the year 2000, women will constitute 47% of the total workforce and the average age of the workforce is expected to increase from 36 in 1986 to age 39 (7). If the corporate society does not address the issue by learning how to manage diversity, they will fail.
The social identity theory is a theory developed by Henry Tajfel, in which Tajfel believes that who we are socially determines how many positive feelings we have towards ourselves. Basically, if we like where we stand socially, then we will like who we are and display happiness. In this theory, Tajfel labels the “in group” and the “out group” and says that we will always compare our “in group” to another’s “out group.” By comparing these groups, we develop a better personal view on ourselves (King, 2009). A big factor of the social identity theory is that the groups will tend to critique the differences of the groups, and overlook the similarities. A modern day example of the social identity theory would be your everyday high school cheerleaders versus band members. The cheerleaders think of themselves as the queen bees of the school,
Being identified with a group can shape one’s thoughts on theirself, and what is expected of them within their society. Some things that in one’s mind seem so normal and expected may be far from
A person’s identity may be determined by him/her family background and this is proven evident in the essay “Private and Public Language” by Rodriguez. We live in a world in which identities are determined prematurely without hesitation. This means that even without getting to know an individuals personality the first thing that is done instead is determining identities based on your physical state, family, or family background. As a culture we live in a diverse environment in which the majority of people come from a different place, and as a result many are identified differently depending on where he/she and their family are from. Today’s culture is more diverse than ever, and more and more people are migrating to different countries and settling so I feel like it
Conclusion: The study Demonstrated that people seek a positive social identity and that their social identity is affected by being a part of their group so that you are more positive towards anything that your own group represents.
Author and poet C. Joy Bell C. once stated, “We are all equal in the fact that we are all different. We are all the same in the fact that we will never be the same. We are united by the reality that all colors and all cultures are distinct and individual (C. Joy Bell C.).” Although this quote is the ideal perspective of race relations it is not the reality. Race and ethnic identity exert an immense amount of influence on personal perception and opinion of race relations. Race and ethnic identity influence the networks and social groups people build for themselves. Social groups consist of two or more people with common identities, regular interaction, and mutual expectation. In society “common identity” often means common race or ethnicity. Primary social groups are characterized by frequent interaction, strong emotional ties and enduring relationships (Barkan 2014). The findings of the analysis of Person A and Person B are primary social groups including white Americans, reinforce white hegemony and symbolic violence. Even in the case that a primary group is diverse, white social norms
For example, a female individual who believes in feminism will most likely identify higher with a group of feminists than a group of females that are ant-feminist. This strength in social identification leads to in-group favouritism whereby members see the members of their group in a positive manner and see members of other groups in a negative or denigrative manner (Swann Jr et al., 2009). Through the process of depersonalisation. self-categorisation and group membership, an individual develops a social identity that serves as a social cognitive schema for behaviours that are related to the group (Korte, 2007; Swann Jr et al., 2009).
Social identity is a theory which explains how people develop a sense of belong and membership to a group. Individual’s social identity is part of their self-concept which derives from their knowledge of their membership of a social group together with the emotional significance attached to that membership (Forsyth, 13). People are influenced on the group they belong to. Belonging to the in-group makes a person feel good because they belong somewhere in this group and allows them to feel important. The out-group is where people feel to be, they do not belong to a group and have feeling of exclusion and are often times treated more harshly than someone who belongs to the ingroup. This bias of favoring the ingroup relative to the outgroup leads to false impressions being made and stereotypes forming. Stereotypes help us navigate the world around us by providing a quick representation of what we think a person is like. This does not mean our perceptions are always correct and occasionally, this quick mental shortcut can get us into trouble. For example, the film 12 Angry Men stereotyping was rampant among the jury. When a stereotype is used it can cause a disruption of procedures. Instead, of inspecting all the evidence with an objective eye a bias can allow for systematic
Diversity is what makes people different, not just culturally but in human differences. Having a multitude of differences in the workforce gives an organization the ability to use many ideas to reach a common goal. A person could say that a diverse group of people together in one room can accomplish greater achievements than a room filled with the same types of individuals. Managers understand the concept of diversity, and how important diversity is to the success of a company’s ability to implement programs that continue to develop a harmonious and diverse workplace. The recognition that diversity is a reality in the workforce has generated an enormous amount of activity over the years among leaders in business, government, and civil
I am currently majoring in Human Resource Management and the impact of diversity on my field is tremendous. The concept of diversity is steadily changing and requires that Human Resource Managers and upper management, create a working environment that everyone feels valued, respected and not discriminated against due to their culture, race, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, lifestyle, age, pregnancy, ethnicity, disability, color, social class, or geographic origin.
An individual’s identity is shaped and created by many factors such as family, culture, and friendship groups (Trepte, S. 2206). The individual’s personal identity of “self” may alter when interacting with any of these groups due to the influence and the characteristics these groups possess (Burke, PJ. Sets, JE. 2000). The human desire to feel a sense of belonging is the driving force for individuals to create themselves around particular groups (Trepte, S. 2206). When people find out that their experiences, thoughts and feelings are mirrored by other people, an immediately connection is formed due to the understanding that they are not isolated in their experiences (Rogers, W.S. 2011). The common ground individuals find in others, allows for the formation of groups (Trepte, S. 2206). The “commonality” amongst certain groups of people allow for Social Categorization (Burke, PJ. Sets, JE. 2000). Social