future of policing proposal

Over the years, the nature of policing has changed and developed drastically. Their role not only entails crime fighting and emergency response, but also social enforcement and social peacekeeping. Bound by a code of ethics, this highly demanding role asks police to remain professional in their dealings with society, and ensure they uphold the law impartially and fairly. When it comes to enforcing the law, it is important to look at the methods and approaches taken by police in order to combat crime, and whether or not they meet current ethical standards. Although this may be the case, it is also important to acknowledge that aspects of police culture such as loyalty, deception and protection of colleagues will ultimately shape the nature of approach to resolving crime, gaining helpful information and protecting fellow officers. Police officers are granted large amounts of discretion within their roles, however, when officers deliberately abuse this amount of discretion and become display misconduct, it becomes challenging to limit discretionary authority of police officers because of the frequent circumstances they encounter where deception may provide highly constructive outcomes. Throughout this essay, methods used by police officers including entrapment, wiretapping and planting of evidence will be assessed for their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the ethical standards of these methods and approaches will be assessed as to whether or not they prove as ethically

Before 1999 it took about 3 months to be able to find a matching fingerprint, now it takes 24 hours or less because it is now computer ran which is just one of the many benefits of this database. IAFIS has three ways that is can be used and how it's helpful. First is the criminal history this database keeps is a wide range of fingerprints, photographs and information on people who work for the government. Next it provides positive fingerprint identification. Lastly it can provide identification just by punching in in somebody’s name, DOB, specific body markings (such as tattoos), and identification numbers. The only people who are allowed to use IAFIS though are people within in the FBI. This database is also operated by a section of the FBI called the Criminal Justice Information Service

For example it has search capabilities, electronic image storage, and can exchange images of fingerprints and responses. The IAFIS is a home to fingerprints and criminal histories of 70 million subjects. Now, the IAFIS is maintained by the FBI or the Federal Bureau of Investigation. To be recorded into the system you could have employment background checks or firearm purchases that would cause you to be permanently recorded in the system. The person who is in charge of the IAFIS database is the Section Chief David Cuthbertson which is in the Programs Development Section. The FBI uses this database to find possible criminals if they find their fingerprints at a crime. They can run this information through the information and the IAFIS will pop up with information on that person. They can then use this information to their advantage and bring this person in for

For my research proposal, the area I chose is Law Enforcement. This area interests me for a couple reasons; first, in the past decade, law enforcement officials have been a very popular topic. Whether its police brutality, unlawful procedures, essentially anything that the media can get their hands on. The other reason I chose this area is actually indirect to law enforcement. That reason is the massive budget increase to our military. The reason the military budget interests me is that if the military is able to increase its budget drastically, would local police departments be persuaded to do the same? Would they even be able to? Those two reasons lead me to my research question, "Would a militarized police force positively or negatively

Law enforcement organizations must continually look to the future for high-tech trends that will help them stay one step ahead of the criminal element. One has often heard that crime does not sleep and long gone are the days in which patrolling the neighborhood and responding to distress calls encompass the function of a police agency. Criminals are becoming more and more sophisticated in finding methods on how to break the law with every technological advancement. Two future trends that can potentially aid police agencies combat crime is the implementation of drone technology and surveillance and biometrics. This paper will discuss these trends and explain the pros and cons of implementing them at police agencies.

The IAFIS database came about in mid-1999.” This national, computerized system for storing, comparing, and exchanging fingerprint data in a digital format permits comparisons of fingerprints in a faster and more accurate manner.” This database is operated by Criminal Justice Information Services(CIJS). Fingerprints are collected for the most part are collected

The IAFIS, or the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System, is run by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and headed by David Cuthbertson and the Criminal Justice Information Services Division (FBI.) The FBI has collected fingerprints since 1924, and, in 1999, fingerprint identification was digitalized so fingerprints from criminals, government workers, and military workers, among others, could be identified and shared more easily (FBI.) The database is able to identify fingerprint characteristics and compare them with other individuals who share a lot of the unique features between fingerprints (FBI.) There is a lot of information about criminals on their database: their fingerprint, their criminal history, and their photograph (FBI.) Law enforcement, from the state to national level, use IAFIS to compare fingerprints found at crime scenes to fingerprints from all around the country

The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) is a database owned by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) that is shared with all law enforcement in the United States. When someone is believed to have committed a crime their fingerprints and other physical information is entered into this database for future use. Parents that agree to use resources from the National Child Identification Program are also able to consent to have their child’s information in this database in the event they

Many accidental shootings, resulting in death and serious injuries, occur each year from a curious child finding a relatives gun and the weapon discharges while in possession of the child. Moreover, many adolescents with access to unsecured guns commit suicide each year. What if there was a technology that could prevent many of these atrocities from occurring? Well, the technology already exists and it is commonly referred to as a ‘smart gun.’ This paper explores a brief history of the ‘smart gun’ technology, advantages and disadvantages of the technology, and the challenges companies who try to advance this technology face, even though this technology could easily prevent several of the aforementioned gun related incidents from occurring.

When forensic scientists look at fingerprints there is no set number as to exactly how many characteristics of a fingerprints, or it’s minutiae they have to look at. Currently the FBI recommends look at twelve minutiae twelve different sites or points in a print. When a fingerprint is found at a crime scene it is usually first ran the the fingerprint identification system to see it can find any matches. The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) is a national automated fingerprint identification and criminal history system that is maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the FBI for short. This system holds the fingerprints of any criminal who has gone through the system, individuals who have served or are currently serving in the US military or government. According the FBI’s web page on IAFIS, “ it is the largest criminal fingerprint database in the world”; It contains

Fingerprinting has been in the criminal justice system for so long. For example, in 1903 when the Bertillon system couldn’t distinguish between two men, Will West and William West, it was fingerprinting that clearly distinguished them. After that, New York City Civil service commission used it in 1901, and the training of American police by Scotland Yard representatives at the 1904 world’s fair. Fingerprinting began to be used in earnest in all major U.S. cities.

Biometrics makes positive identifications in many areas such as fingerprints, retinas, face, signature, and voice. A fingerprint identification process looks at the patterns found on a fingertip. There are a variety of approaches to fingerprint verification. “Some imitate the traditional police method of matching minutiae; others use straight pattern-matching devices; and still others are a bit more unique, including things like moiréfringe patterns and ultrasonics.” Some advanced fingerprint verification systems can even detect when a finger is alive or not! Fingerprint devices are the most common and available form of biometrics. “Fingerprint verification may be a good choice for in-house systems, where users are given adequate explanation and training, and where the system operates in a controlled environment.” As the price of biometric security and other devices fall, most forms of biometrics will be used more frequently. However, due to the relatively low cost, small size, and ease of integrating fingerprint authentication devices, it remains the most used form as of now.

One of the most important ways that biometric technology is impacting security lies within the confines of computer information systems. The government, the military, and large corporations need to have complete assurance that the data and information stored on their networks and databases are only available to users who have been authorized to view such material.

Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) in law enforcement and border control applications has heightened the need for ensuring that these systems are not compromised. While several issues related to fingerprint system security have been investigated, including the use of fake fingerprints for masquerading identity, the problem of fingerprint alteration or obfuscation has received very little attention. Fingerprint obfuscation refers to the deliberate alteration of the fingerprint pattern by an individual for the purpose of masking his identity. Several cases of fingerprint obfuscation have been reported in the press. Also NFIQ algorithm used to evaluate the large database of altered fingerprints .further we proposed NFIQ2.0

Los Angeles police are using biometrical recognition now. Biometrics, the ability to indentify an individual by measuring key unique biophysical attributes, such as a picture of the iris could revolutionize the policing. If we step back on the history, the twentieth century saw fingerprinting become an invaluable forensic tool, such as iris pattern-matching or facial recognition could have an equal success on the 21st century policing (Retinal Scan).